Clutch pt. 2 and Drive Line Flashcards
The clutch plate is prone to wear. What does this mean?
The plate lining/clutch lining is designed to wear faster than the flywheel and pressure plate
What is the approximate mileage a clutch plate will last?
About 100,000 miles
What do you do in the case of a worn clutch plate?
Replace it
How does clutch wear affect the clutch lining?
It gets thinner
List 3 car components found on the underside of a car
Cardan shaft
Gearbox
Clutch casing
What is the first thing you must do before disassembling a clutch?
Look up the proper procedure in the workshop manual
One the removal of the gearbox, what should you be careful about?
Not to damage any lines or cables
List 2 descriptions of the appropriate way to loosen the bolts on a pressure plate
Loosened gradually
Loosened diagonally
List 2 things that can happen if you do not loosen the bolts gradually
The diaphragm spring may be damaged
Bolts can bend or break
What kind of bearing is used at the centre of the flywheel?
Spigot bearing
Which components need to be checked after disassembling the clutch?
Clutch plate
Pressure plate
Flywheel
How can you tell that a clutch plate is worn? (1 appearance, 1 symptom)
The outer edge (lining) is thin and smooth
The clutch will slip
List 2 causes of clutch slip?
A worn clutch lining
A greasy clutch plate
How can you tell that a clutch plate has corroded splines? (1 appearance, 1 symptom)
The inside of the centre of the clutch (the spline) is orange
The clutch cannot move freely
How can you tell that a clutch plate is greasy? (1 appearance, 1 symptom)
It is shiny and dirty looking
Clutch slip
How can you tell that a clutch pressure plate has heat spots? (1 appearance, 1 symptom)
Dark splodges
Has caused clutch slip
What’s one issue that can arise from rivets on the clutch plate?
Worn grooves on the inside of the pressure plate
Why is it necessary for the flywheel to be missing no teeth on the outer edge?
The starter motor engages on them
List 4 things that can be wrong with the flywheel
Missing teeth
Heat spots
Greasy
Worn grooves
If you find oil on the flywheel, pressure plate or clutch plate, what 2 components should you check for oil leaks?
Transmission seals
Crankshaft seals
What step must you take before refitting components in the clutch
Making sure they are clean and grease free
List 2 components in the clutch that must be replaced every time you perform maintenance
The gearbox input shaft
The spigot bearing
What is the first step in fitting the clutch plate and pressure plate?
Putting the bolts on by hand
After putting the bolts into the clutch pressure plate by hand, what is the next step?
Centring the clutch plate using a dummy input shaft/clutch alignment tool
What does the adjusting mechanism in a mechanically operated clutch do?
Adjusts the amount of free travel
What’s another name for a universal joint?
Cardan joint
What is enabled by the universal joint?
The transfer of a rotational motion through a variable angle
What is the name for the angle formed by the shafts in the power train?
Diffraction angle
Name the 2 main parts of the universal joint/cardan joint
Yoke
Yoke with flange
What is the angle between the 2 yokes in a cardan joint?
90 degrees
Other than the 2 yokes, list 3 components of a universal joint
Cross piece
Circlips
Bearing caps
How many of each of these components are in one cardan joint:
Cross pieces
Circlips
Bearing caps
1
4
4
What on a universal joint connects the yokes together?
The spider
What kind of bearing is used inside a cardan joint?
A needle roller bearing
List the 2 functions of the rubber seal in a bearing cap on a universal joint
Prevent dirt from entering
Prevent grease from coming out
List the 6 steps of fitting a new clutch, once the old one is removed
Fit the clutch pressure plate
Fit the bolts and hand tighten them
Centre the clutch plate with a dummy input shaft/clutch alignment tool
Tighten the bolts diagonally, using a torque wrench
Remove the dummy input shaft/clutch alignment tool
Grease the input shaft
Give another name for the adjusting mechanism
Adjusting nut
Should the free travel be adjusted when the clutch plate is partly worn?
No, the adjusting mechanism ensures constant free travel
List 3 steps of maintenance that should be performed on a hydraulically operated system
Checking the fluid level, topping it up
Checking for leakages
Bleeding the air from the system if necessary
Relating to a single universal joint:
If the input shaft rotates at 100 rpm, what speed would the output shaft rotate?
100 rpm
What is the term for a motion in which the speed is not changing?
A uniform motion
The motion of the universal joint/cardan joint is normally uniform. What would cause it to become non-uniform? Explain this in 2 ways, mention the effect it has on the rpm in the second explanation.
When the diffraction angle changes
When the yokes are not aligned at 90 degrees, meaning the rpm will waver twice each rotation
Give another name for a uniform motion in a universal joint/cardan joint.
And its equivalent for non-uniform motion.
Constant-velocity drive
Non-constant velocity drive
You are given a graph that represents the angles of rotation in the input and output shafts in a universal shaft. They are at a diffraction angle. Would the input or output be the squiggly line. Which one would be the straight line?
Output
Input
You are given a graph that represents the angles of rotation in the input and output shafts in a universal shaft. They are at a diffraction angle. Name the x axis. Name the y axis.
Angle of output shaft
Angle of input shaft
When the angles of the input shaft and output shaft on a cardan shaft are at their most different, which one is running slow, compared to the other? Is this a higher or lower angle?
The output shaft is running slow
On the graph, it looks like a higher angle, but is actually a lower one
Why
What does CV joint stand for?
Constant velocity joint
Why are there grooves in the baulk ring?
To get oil out, to stop it from baulking
Out of the CV joint and the plunge type joint, which one is nearer to the wheel? Which one is the inner joint?
CV joint
Plunge type joint
What does the plunge type joint do?
Adjusts to bumps, pot-holes and other changes in level
CV joints produce a non-uniform motion. To counteract this, 2 CV joints are used. List 3 requirements needed to achieve a uniform motion using 2 CV joints.
Shafts operate in the same plane
Diffraction angles of both joints are equal
Joints are 90 degrees out of sync
If there is an input shaft leading into one CV joint and an output shaft leading out of the other, what is the name given to the shaft that connects both CV joints?
The auxiliary shaft
List 3 set-ups/configuration can counteract non-uniformity
2 universal joints in Z-configuration
2 universal joints in W-configuration
A double universal joint
Name the 2 most widely used types of CV joint
Rzeppa joint
Tripod joint
Lit the 5 main components of the Rzeppa joint
Cup
Spider
Cage
Ball bearings
Shaft
What do the balls in the Rzeppa joint move in?
In the ball tracks
What is the cage in a Rzeppa joint used for?
To keep the balls in the right position
What is the drive shaft boot on the Rzeppa joint for?
To keep grease in and dirt out
When the diffraction angle of a Rzeppa joint is increased, what happens to the ball cage?
It remains at the same angle
Is the motion of the Rzeppa joint output shaft uniform or non-uniform?
Uniform
Can a Rzeppa joint be used to form a CV joint?
Yes, because the output shaft rotates uniformly
What is the maximum diffraction angle of a Rzeppa joint? Is this larger or smaller than other joints that would perform the same task like CV joints?
50 degrees
Larger
The Rzeppa joint can accomodate a large diffraction angle. Where in the car is this very useful?
In the drive train of a front wheel drive car, at the wheels
List 5 components of a construction tripod joint
Shaft
Tripod roller
Circlip
Housing
Roller guide
How many rollers are there in a construction tripod joint?
3
Where do the rollers in a construction tripod joint move?
In the roller guide
What kind of bearing is used in the tripod roller of a construction tripod joint?
Needle roller bearing
What is the maximum diffraction angle of a tripod joint?
25 degrees
Is the motion of the tripod joint output shaft uniform or non-uniform?
Uniform
List 1 disadvantage of using a tripod joint, compared to the Rzeppa joint, and 1 advantage
Lower maximum diffraction angle (half)
Accomodation for changes in length
Tripod joints are able to slightly change length. How many mm difference can they manage? Where in the car is this useful?
55mm
Connecting the drive shaft to the differential
Name 2 changes that need to be neutralised by a CV joint when the vehicle is turning a corner
Changes in diffraction angle
Changes in length
Name 2 changes that need to be neutralised by a CV joint when the vehicle is moving up-hill
Changes in diffraction angle
Changes in length
Name 2 situations in which length and diffraction angle changes will occur, which would need to be neutralised by the CV joint
Steering
Driving over a speed bump
List 3 advantages of an automatic gearbox
Better use of engine characteristics
More gradual load take up on the power train
More comfort (best gear is selected automatically
List 4 disadvantges of an automatic gearbox
Increased fuel consumption
Increased size and weight
Increased cost
Car can’t be towed to start the engine
List the 5 options the driver of an automatic car can choose between, using the selector (first the letters, then each full word)
P, N, R, D, M
Park
Reverse
Neutral
Drive
Manual
True or false for each.
When park is selected in an automatic car:
The parking brake is applied
The drive is locked
The car comes to a standstill
The car will accelerate if you press the accelerator
Engine speed will increase if you press the accelerator
The car can be towed
False
True
True
False
True
False
True or false for each.
When drive is selected in an automatic car:
The car will immediately start moving forward
The car will not respond to the accelerator
Gears will be selected automatically
The engine speed will not change
True
False
True
False
True or false for each.
When reverse is selected in an automatic car:
There are 3 gears that reverse can be in
False
If in the manual setting in an automatic car, you press the manual gear down 1 gear, what will happen to the engine speed?
If will increase briefly, then decrease
The 5 switch settings present in the majority of automatic cars are P, N, R, D, M. List the 3 optional switch settings (letters first then full words)
E, S, W
Economy
Sport
Winter
List 2 features of the economy setting on an automatic gearbox
Gears are selected in an ideal rev range
Minimises fuel consumption
List 2 features of the sport setting on an automatic gearbox
Gears are changed at higher revs
Improves acceleration
List 2 features of the winter setting on an automatic gearbox
Gears are changed at lower revs
Reduces torque, so less chance of wheel spin
How many generations of the automatic gearbox have there been? What are they called?
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
(3)
Describe the 1st generation gearbox
Describe the 3rd generation gearbox
Hydraulically activated and mechanically operated
Valve block is activated and operated electronically
In an automatic gearbox:
What does the oil pump do?
What does the hydraulic valve block do?
Provides the necessary oil pressure
Transfers the pressure to the multi-plate clutches that need to be activated
Name 2 systems to mechanically operate a process
Using a cable
Using a set of rods
