Energy systems in muscle cells (1.8) Flashcards
What is Myoglobin?
A protein that carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.
Why are hydrogen ions produced during glycolysis transferred to pyruvate?
To regenerate the NAD needed to maintain ATP production through glycolysis.
What are the two differences between slow and fast twitch muscle fibres?
Slow Twitch- a high concentration of oxygen and myoglobin.
Fast Twitch- Low concentration of oxygen and Glycogen.
When does muscle fatigue occur?
During anaerobic respiration when lactate accumulates.
During exercise, when the muscle cells do not have enough oxygen to support the electron transport chain, what is used?
Pyruvate is converted to lactate.
pyruvate produced in glycolysis
Can oxygen debt be repaid?
Yes, meaning the production of lactate is reversible.
What is a slow twitch muscle fibre, and what speed is it?
Slow twitch used in endurance activities; a slow speed and can sustain contractions for longer.
In anaerobic respiration, what is only able to occur?
Glycolysis.
What is meant by the term anaerobic?
The environment without oxygen.
When do muscle cell not get sufficient energy?
During vigorous exercise.
What is a fast twitch muscle fibre, and what speed is it?
Fast twitch used in short bursts of activity; a fast speed and can only have short contractions.
What does the conversion of pyruvate to lactate involve?
Transfer of H+ ions, from the NADH , produced during glycolysis to pyruvate, then lactate.
What type of blood supply do slow twitch muscle fibres have; and what is the storage fuel used?
High/large containing a high concentration of the oxygen storing protein MYOGLOBIN.
What type of blood supply do fast twitch muscle fibres have; and what is the storage fuel used?
Low concentration of oxygen; storing Glycogen.
