Energy Systems Flashcards
How much ATP is stored in the body
80 - 100 grams
What are the 3 systems utilized during exercise
- Creatine phosphate system
- Lactic acid (glycolytic system)
- Oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic system)
True or False:
We isolate these systems when using them
FALSE
True or False:
These systems interact
TRUE
Equation for creatine phosphate system
PCr+ADP Cr+ATP
True or False:
Creatine phosphate system provides immediate energy
True
When is creatine phosphate system the main source of energy
Extremely intense movements/exercise
When is creatine phosphate system no longer the primary source of energy
about 10 seconds
How long does creatine phosphate system last
20-30 seconds
True or False:
Muscle cells have more stored ATP than PCr
False
Once PCr is used to create ATP what happens
The remaining creatine in the cytosol is “shuttled” into the mitochondria where it picks up a Pi to make PCr
Cr gaining a Pi requires what type of process
An oxidative process
True or False:
Cr has to pick up a Pi in the mitochondria
True
What is another name for the lactic acid system
Anaerobic system
How is energy supplied in the lactic acid system
By glucose or stored glycogen in the muscles
How long is this the main source of energy for
30 - 180 seconds
True or False:
Glycogen within the muscle is used after glucose outside of the muscle in the lactic acid system
False
Glycolysis is the
Dissolution of sugar
How many steps are in the glycolysis process
10
What percentage of energy does glycolysis yield from on glucose
About 5% or Net 2-3 ATP
How many net ATP are gained from the lactic acid system when glucose outside the muscle is used
2
How many net ATP are gained from the lactic acid system when stored glycogen is used
3
What is the rate limiting step for the lactic acid system
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
What eventually forms pyruvate
Fructose 1,6-diphosphate
What happens when fructose 1,6-diphosphate runs low
You can’t make pyruvate
True or False:
Lots of O2 is good for glycolysis
False
Is lactate bad for the body
No, it is used by the heart
Who has a longer lactate threshold untrained people or trained people
Trained people
What is the lactate threshold
When lactate particles can be found in the blood
What does excess hydrogen ions link up with
Pyruvate
Why do muscles burn during exercise
The build up of lactic acid lowers the bodies pH, but eventually the levels return to normal while resting
Which system is the primary means of energy production at rest
Aerobic system
What is the RQ at rest
0.75-0.82
True or False:
Oxygen consumption does not rise exponentially during the first few minutes of exercise before it plateaus
False
What is the non steady state also called
O2 deficit
What reflects a balance between energy required by the working muscles and ATP production in aerobic metabolism
Steady state
True or False:
No appreciable blood lactate accumulates under steady rate metabolic conditions
True
What is the point where the oxygen level meets the activity level
Steady state
What is O2 debt
The amount of oxygen that needs to be made up from the O2 deficit
How does oxidative phosphorylation occur
ATP is synthesized by transferring electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen
What percentage of ATP synthesis occurs during the Kreb’s cycle and ETC
90%
What is the net ATP production of oxidative phosphorylation
30-38 so 32
What is the Kreb’s cycle
The process of extracting energy from pyruvate
What does pyruvate convert to
Acetyl CoA
What does acetyl CoA join with
Oxaloacetate
What does acetyl CoA and oxoloacetate produce
Citrate
How many times does citrate go through the Kreb’s cycle
2
How many steps are in the ETC
187
True or False:
The majority of ATP is generated by the large amount of hydrogen created and oxidized
True
How many ATP does one glucose make in oxidative phosphorylation
32 net
What causes the energy systems to start
Small changes in ADP concentration
