Endocrine and Immune Function with Exercise Flashcards
What are the main endocrine organs (6)
- Pituitary
- Thyroid
- Parathyroid
- Adrenal
- Pineal
- Thymus
What are other organs that contain some endocrine tissues (4)
- Pancreas
- Gonads (ovaries and testes)
- Hypothalamus
- Adipose tissue
What are the 2 categories of hormones
- Steroid derived
2. Amine and polypeptide hormones
What type of action is hormone circulates in the blood and affects tissues far from the gland
Endocrine action
What type of action is it when a hormone exerts a local effect in the region of synthesis
Paracrine action
What type of action do most hormones have
Endocrine action
True or False:
Hormone secretion usually adjusts rapidly to meet the demands of changing bodily conditions
True
What are the factors that determine the plasma concentration of a particular hormone (4)
- Quality and quantity synthesized in host gland
- Rate of either catabolism or secretion into the blood
- Quantity of transport protein present
- Plasma volume changes
What are the hormones released by the anterior pituitary that are affected by exercise (5)
- Growth Hormone
- Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Luteinizing Hormone
- Testosterone
What is the hormone released by the posterior pituitary that is affected by exercise (1)
- Antidiuretic Hormone
What are the hormones released by the adrenal gland that are affected by exercise (3)
- Cortisol
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
What are the hormones released by the pancreas that are affected by exercise (2)
- Insulin
2. Glucagon
What does GH promote
Cell division and cellular proliferation throughout the body (Meant for building)
What does GH slow the breakdown of
Carbohydrates
What does GH initiate subsequent mobilization and use of
Fat as energy
True or False:
Exercise extends GH’s action on target tissues
True
What does ADH increase (2)
- Contraction of smooth muscle
2. Reabsorption of water by the kidneys
True or False:
Exercise does not provide a potent stimulus for ADH secretion to help conserve body fluids
False
Why do we want increased ADH during exercise
To conserve water for exercise needs
Where is cortisol made
Adrenal cortex
Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine made
Adrenal medulla
What does cortisol do (4)
- Promotes protein breakdown
- Insulin antagonist
- Promotes triglycerol breakdown
- Suppresses immune function
What does epinephrine do (3)
- Increase cardiac output (Q)
- Increase blood sugar
- Increase glycogen breakdown
What odes norepinephrine do (1)
- Constricts blood vessels
What is another name for epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenaline and Noradrenaline
When does norepinephrine increase markedly
During activities that exceed 50% VO2 Max
When does epinephrine stay constant
During activities under 60% VO2 Max
True or False:
Epinephrine is good for anaerobic exercise
True
True or False:
Epinephrine does not help with glycolysis
False
True or False:
Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are big in fuel source regeneration
True
When is cortisol used anaerobic high intensity or aerobic low intensity exercises
Aerobic low intensity exercise
What does insulin do (3)
- Store glycogen
- Promotes glucose entry in cells
- Helps with protein synthesis
What does glucagon do (3)
- Increases blood glucose levels
- Breakdown of glycogen and glucose
- Mobilization of glycogen and glucose
What happens to [insulin] as [cortisol] increases
It should decrease
True or False:
Men and women had the same response to exercise when it came to epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, and cortisol
True
Which hormone concentrations increased with exercise epinephrine, insulin, norepinephrine, or cortisol
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol
Which hormone concentrations decreased with exercise epinephrine, insulin, norepinephrine, or cortisol
Insulin
What happens to the magnitude of hormonal response to a standard exercise load with endurance training
It decreases
What accounts for the decrease in hormonal response due to endurance training (2)
- Improved target tissue sensitivity
2. Improved responsiveness to a given amount of hormone
Who has a greater hormonal response maximal exercise trained subjects or untrained subjects
Trained subjects
True or False:
Trained individuals release more hormones than untrained individuals
True
What is GH’s response to endurance training
No effect on resting values, but less dramatic rise during exercise
What is cortisol’s response to endurance training
Slight elevation during exercise
What is epinephrine and norepinephrine’s response to endurance training
Decreased secretion at rest and at the same absolute exercise intensity after training
What is insulin’s response to endurance training
Increased sensitivity to insulin; normal decrease in insulin during exercise is greatly reduced with training
What are the hormonal factors that are responsible for exercise induced changes in muscle size and function during resistance training (3)
- Changes in hepatic and extra hepatic hormone clearance rates
- Differential rates of hormone secretion
- Altered receptor site activation via neurohumoral control
What are the 2 main hormones that affect adaptions to resistance training
- GH
2. Testosterone
Was there a difference in testosterone levels between 5 RM load with 3 min rest and 10 RM with 1 min rest before, during, or after exercise
Same before and after
Slight increase during for 10 RM with 1 min rest
Was there a difference in hGH levels between 5 RM load with 3 min rest and 10 RM with 1 min rest before, during, or after exercise
Same before
Increased during and after for 10 RM with 1 min rest
True or False:
The amount of white blood cells produced increases with exercise
True
True or False:
Exercise causes neutrophil production to mimic that of a person with infection
True
How does moderate exercise affect immune functions
It boosts natural immune functions and host defenses for up to several hours
How does exhaustive exercise affect immune functions
It severely depresses the body’s first line of defense against infection
True or False:
As we age our ability to produce immune cells decreases
True
True or False:
There is never a point where exercise is bad for the immune system
False
True or False:
The appropriate dose of exercise is beneficial for the immune system
True
How does aerobic train affect natural immune function in young and old individuals and obese persons during weight loss
Positively
What are the positive effects seen with aerobic training (3)
- Enhanced functional capacity of natural cytotoxic immune mechanisms
- Diminished age related decrease in T-cell function
- Diminished age related decrease in cytokine production
Motivation
Don’t quit now you are almost home free!!!!!