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Exercise Phys > Endocrine and Immune Function with Exercise > Flashcards

Endocrine and Immune Function with Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main endocrine organs (6)

A
  1. Pituitary
  2. Thyroid
  3. Parathyroid
  4. Adrenal
  5. Pineal
  6. Thymus
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2
Q

What are other organs that contain some endocrine tissues (4)

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Gonads (ovaries and testes)
  3. Hypothalamus
  4. Adipose tissue
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3
Q

What are the 2 categories of hormones

A
  1. Steroid derived

2. Amine and polypeptide hormones

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4
Q

What type of action is hormone circulates in the blood and affects tissues far from the gland

A

Endocrine action

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5
Q

What type of action is it when a hormone exerts a local effect in the region of synthesis

A

Paracrine action

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6
Q

What type of action do most hormones have

A

Endocrine action

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7
Q

True or False:

Hormone secretion usually adjusts rapidly to meet the demands of changing bodily conditions

A

True

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8
Q

What are the factors that determine the plasma concentration of a particular hormone (4)

A
  1. Quality and quantity synthesized in host gland
  2. Rate of either catabolism or secretion into the blood
  3. Quantity of transport protein present
  4. Plasma volume changes
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9
Q

What are the hormones released by the anterior pituitary that are affected by exercise (5)

A
  1. Growth Hormone
  2. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
  3. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
  4. Luteinizing Hormone
  5. Testosterone
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10
Q

What is the hormone released by the posterior pituitary that is affected by exercise (1)

A
  1. Antidiuretic Hormone
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11
Q

What are the hormones released by the adrenal gland that are affected by exercise (3)

A
  1. Cortisol
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Norepinephrine
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12
Q

What are the hormones released by the pancreas that are affected by exercise (2)

A
  1. Insulin

2. Glucagon

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13
Q

What does GH promote

A

Cell division and cellular proliferation throughout the body (Meant for building)

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14
Q

What does GH slow the breakdown of

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What does GH initiate subsequent mobilization and use of

A

Fat as energy

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16
Q

True or False:

Exercise extends GH’s action on target tissues

A

True

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17
Q

What does ADH increase (2)

A
  1. Contraction of smooth muscle

2. Reabsorption of water by the kidneys

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18
Q

True or False:

Exercise does not provide a potent stimulus for ADH secretion to help conserve body fluids

A

False

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19
Q

Why do we want increased ADH during exercise

A

To conserve water for exercise needs

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20
Q

Where is cortisol made

A

Adrenal cortex

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21
Q

Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine made

A

Adrenal medulla

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22
Q

What does cortisol do (4)

A
  1. Promotes protein breakdown
  2. Insulin antagonist
  3. Promotes triglycerol breakdown
  4. Suppresses immune function
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23
Q

What does epinephrine do (3)

A
  1. Increase cardiac output (Q)
  2. Increase blood sugar
  3. Increase glycogen breakdown
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24
Q

What odes norepinephrine do (1)

A
  1. Constricts blood vessels
25
Q

What is another name for epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

26
Q

When does norepinephrine increase markedly

A

During activities that exceed 50% VO2 Max

27
Q

When does epinephrine stay constant

A

During activities under 60% VO2 Max

28
Q

True or False:

Epinephrine is good for anaerobic exercise

A

True

29
Q

True or False:

Epinephrine does not help with glycolysis

A

False

30
Q

True or False:

Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are big in fuel source regeneration

A

True

31
Q

When is cortisol used anaerobic high intensity or aerobic low intensity exercises

A

Aerobic low intensity exercise

32
Q

What does insulin do (3)

A
  1. Store glycogen
  2. Promotes glucose entry in cells
  3. Helps with protein synthesis
33
Q

What does glucagon do (3)

A
  1. Increases blood glucose levels
  2. Breakdown of glycogen and glucose
  3. Mobilization of glycogen and glucose
34
Q

What happens to [insulin] as [cortisol] increases

A

It should decrease

35
Q

True or False:

Men and women had the same response to exercise when it came to epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, and cortisol

A

True

36
Q

Which hormone concentrations increased with exercise epinephrine, insulin, norepinephrine, or cortisol

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol

37
Q

Which hormone concentrations decreased with exercise epinephrine, insulin, norepinephrine, or cortisol

A

Insulin

38
Q

What happens to the magnitude of hormonal response to a standard exercise load with endurance training

A

It decreases

39
Q

What accounts for the decrease in hormonal response due to endurance training (2)

A
  1. Improved target tissue sensitivity

2. Improved responsiveness to a given amount of hormone

40
Q

Who has a greater hormonal response maximal exercise trained subjects or untrained subjects

A

Trained subjects

41
Q

True or False:

Trained individuals release more hormones than untrained individuals

A

True

42
Q

What is GH’s response to endurance training

A

No effect on resting values, but less dramatic rise during exercise

43
Q

What is cortisol’s response to endurance training

A

Slight elevation during exercise

44
Q

What is epinephrine and norepinephrine’s response to endurance training

A

Decreased secretion at rest and at the same absolute exercise intensity after training

45
Q

What is insulin’s response to endurance training

A

Increased sensitivity to insulin; normal decrease in insulin during exercise is greatly reduced with training

46
Q

What are the hormonal factors that are responsible for exercise induced changes in muscle size and function during resistance training (3)

A
  1. Changes in hepatic and extra hepatic hormone clearance rates
  2. Differential rates of hormone secretion
  3. Altered receptor site activation via neurohumoral control
47
Q

What are the 2 main hormones that affect adaptions to resistance training

A
  1. GH

2. Testosterone

48
Q

Was there a difference in testosterone levels between 5 RM load with 3 min rest and 10 RM with 1 min rest before, during, or after exercise

A

Same before and after

Slight increase during for 10 RM with 1 min rest

49
Q

Was there a difference in hGH levels between 5 RM load with 3 min rest and 10 RM with 1 min rest before, during, or after exercise

A

Same before

Increased during and after for 10 RM with 1 min rest

50
Q

True or False:

The amount of white blood cells produced increases with exercise

A

True

51
Q

True or False:

Exercise causes neutrophil production to mimic that of a person with infection

A

True

52
Q

How does moderate exercise affect immune functions

A

It boosts natural immune functions and host defenses for up to several hours

53
Q

How does exhaustive exercise affect immune functions

A

It severely depresses the body’s first line of defense against infection

54
Q

True or False:

As we age our ability to produce immune cells decreases

A

True

55
Q

True or False:

There is never a point where exercise is bad for the immune system

A

False

56
Q

True or False:

The appropriate dose of exercise is beneficial for the immune system

A

True

57
Q

How does aerobic train affect natural immune function in young and old individuals and obese persons during weight loss

A

Positively

58
Q

What are the positive effects seen with aerobic training (3)

A
  1. Enhanced functional capacity of natural cytotoxic immune mechanisms
  2. Diminished age related decrease in T-cell function
  3. Diminished age related decrease in cytokine production
59
Q

Motivation

A

Don’t quit now you are almost home free!!!!!

Exercise Phys (8 decks)

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