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Limnology > Energy Sources in Aquatic Ecosystems > Flashcards

Energy Sources in Aquatic Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of energetic resources found in aquatic systems?

A

Autochthonous and allocthonous

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2
Q

This type of resource is found within the body of water

A

Autochthonous

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3
Q

These are not as major primary producers in aquatic systems as they are in terrestrial systems

A

Plants

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4
Q

Aquatic food webs are primarily based on these primary producers

A

Algae/diatoms

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5
Q

These are incredibly important single-celled protists found in aquatic systems

A

Diatoms

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6
Q

What percent of global carbon fixation is done by diatoms?

A

20%

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7
Q

What are diatom shells called?

A

Frustrule

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8
Q

What are diatom frustrules made of?

A

Silica (SiO2)

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9
Q

What are three functions of diatom frustrules?

A

Protection, light absorption, distinctive shape

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10
Q

Diatoms are relatives of this type of algae

A

Brown algae

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11
Q

Are diatoms closely related to plants?

A

No

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12
Q

How many valves are frustrules made of?

A

2

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13
Q

What is one of the best ways to ID a diatom?

A

By its frustrule

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14
Q

Are both frustrule valves the same size?

A

No

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15
Q

Do diatoms occasionally discard their frustrules?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is a human use of fossilized diatom frustrules?

A

Diatomaceous earth

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17
Q

Are diatoms relatively poorly competitive photosynthesizers?

A

No

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18
Q

What is the limiting substance for diatom growth in the water?

A

Silica

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19
Q

What are four types of algae that serve as primary producers in aquatics?

A

Blue-green algae, red algae, brown algae, green algae

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20
Q

Which type of algae are bacteria?

A

Blue-green algae

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21
Q

Which three types of algae are protists?

A

Red, brown, green algae

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22
Q

Algae growing on rocks are known as this

A

Periphyton

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23
Q

Algae found in the water column are known as this

A

Phytoplankton

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24
Q

These algae were the first and best to ever make oxygen

A

Blue-green algae

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25
Q

Blue-green algae can form these, though they are not multicellular

A

Long chains

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26
Q

Blue-green algae chains have one different cell, known as this

A

Heterocyst

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27
Q

Blue-green algae heterocysts are very important to this part of the nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen fixation

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28
Q

Blue-green algae can produce this during harmful algal blooms

A

Neurotoxin

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29
Q

This type of algae grows on rocks

A

Epilithon

30
Q

This type of algae grows on plants

A

Epiphyton

31
Q

This type of algae grows on wood

A

Epidendron

32
Q

This type of algae grows on sediment

A

Epipelon

33
Q

This type of algae grows on sand

A

Episammon

34
Q

This type of algae grows on animals

A

Epizoon

35
Q

Different types of algae grow together to form these

A

Biofilms

36
Q

What are three processes that biofilms are resistant to?

A

Loss, abrasion, disruption

37
Q

Biofilms can form this to catch food particles and prevent them from washing away

A

Sticky matrix

38
Q

Biofilms can be thought of as the aquatic version of these

A

Forests

39
Q

Aquatic plants are also known as these

A

Macrophytes

40
Q

Most freshwater plants tend to be this type of plant

A

Angiosperm/flowering plant

41
Q

Is pollination easy in aquatic systems?

A

No

42
Q

What are four reasons why pollination is difficult for aquatic plants?

A
  1. Seeds get washed downstream; 2. Pollinators are less able to get to open water; 3. Flowers are difficult to support out of water for wind pollination to be effective; 4. Sediment is an unstable growing medium
43
Q

What are five limitations on plants in aquatic systems?

A

Light, water velocity, settlement rate, other macrophytes, pH

44
Q

What are four things that do not limit plants in aquatic systems?

A

Water, CO2, nutrients, herbivory

45
Q

When are plants important to aquatic systems?

A

When conditions are relatively ‘good’

46
Q

What are two important sources for food webs in aquatic systems?

A

Algae (mostly diatoms) and tree leaves

47
Q

This type of resource is found outside the body of water

A

Allocthonous

48
Q

This is made up of decomposing organic matter suspended in water

A

Particulate organic matter (POM)

49
Q

This type of particulate organic matter is made up of large matter, such as whole leaves

A

Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM)

50
Q

This type of particulate organic matter is made up of large matter that has been shredded down to smaller matter

A

Fine particulate organic matter (FPOM)

51
Q

This type of organic matter has been reduced to soluble size

A

Dissolved organic matter (DOM)

52
Q

Evolution has produced solutions to processing these when they regularly fall into the water

A

Leaves

53
Q

These leach out from dead leaves into the water within 2 days

A

Soluble nutrients

54
Q

These two types of organisms colonize dead leaves in the water immediately

A

Bacteria and fungi

55
Q

These invertebrates begin to break up dead leaves in the water at around 2 weeks

A

Shredders

56
Q

This ratio can vary considerably among leaves in the water

A

C:N ratio

57
Q

What are three different terms for woody debris found in streams

A

Large woody debris (LWD), coarse woody debris (CWD), large organic debris (LOD)

58
Q

What are five effects of wood on stream systems?

A
  1. Food source; 2. Influences stream morphology; 3. Decreases water velocity; 4. Traps sediment; 5. Creates habitat
59
Q

What is another name for a wood-eating organism?

A

Xylivores

60
Q

Is wood an easily-accessed source of nutrients?

A

No

61
Q

This substance makes wood difficult to digest

A

Lignin

62
Q

Do most organisms that eat wood eat other materials as well?

A

Yes

63
Q

These organisms are extremely important to aquatic systems

A

Terrestrial insects

64
Q

Can terrestrial insects alone support stream fishes?

A

Yes

65
Q

How do terrestrial insects link aquatic and terrestrial systems?

A

By bringing nutrients onto land from their aquatic larval stages or into water via predation by fish

66
Q

Some fish can link freshwater systems with these systems

A

Marine systems

67
Q

Can fish move nutrients around within a system?

A

Yes

68
Q

Are most migratory species of fish thriving today?

A

No

69
Q

Are fish highly important to nutrient inputs?

A

No

70
Q
A

Limnology (12 decks)

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