Energy reactions in cells Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism definition

A

The set of chemical processes which derive energy from food and use them to support growth, repair and activity of the tissues to sustain life

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2
Q

Metabolic pathways

A

Involve several steps with different intermediates and are interconnected with other pathways

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3
Q

What type of energy is used to drive energy requiring activities in the body?

A

Chemical bond energy

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4
Q

Exergonic

A

Release energy - has a negative delta G

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5
Q

Endergonic

A

Require energy - has a positive delta G

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6
Q

Carrier molecules

A

When fuel molecules are oxidised, electrons and protons are transferred to the carrier molecules so they are reduced

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7
Q

Concentration of carrier molecules

A

Total conc. of oxidised and reduced forms is constant as they are in a cycle of oxidative and reductive processes

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8
Q

How is the oxidised form of a carrier molecule converted to the reduced form?

A

Addition of two protons and electrons

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9
Q

Why is ATP a good energy carrier?

A

The phosphate bonds store a lot of energy and are stable unlike other high energy bonds. It is also stable in the absence of specific catalysts

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10
Q

High energy signals

A

Activate anabolic pathways - use energy
ATP, NADH, NADPH, FAD2H

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11
Q

Low energy signals

A

Activate catabolic pathways to release energy
ADP, AMP, NAD+ NADP+, FAD

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12
Q

AMP as a low energy signal

A

Strong signal for low energy as it is made quickly by myokinase. This increase ATP generation by glycolysis

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13
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

Used to produce more ATP by reacting with ADP to produce ATP and creatine. Catalysed by creatine kinase - reversible reaction

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14
Q

Creatine kinase as a marker

A

Used to detect muscle damage as it will appear in the blood

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15
Q

Creatinine

A

Usually produced in small amounts through metabolism of creatine or phosphocreatine

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16
Q

Creatinine as a a clinical marker

A

Usually at a constant level unless there is muscle wasting. It is excreted via kidneys. Used to assess kidney function and provide measure of muscle mass