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Nutr 337 > Energy, Macronutrient, Fiber and Water requirements during Pregnancy > Flashcards

Energy, Macronutrient, Fiber and Water requirements during Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

recommended PAL

A
  1. 6-1.7

- active, 60min/d moderate intensity ( walking 4mph)

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2
Q

why does BEE go up during pregnancy?

A

metabolic contributions of the uterus and the fetus

- increase lung and heart work

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3
Q

strongest predictor of BEE

A

FFM

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4
Q

FFM components that predict BEE in pregnancy

A

increase blood volume
skeletal mass
fetal and uterine tissue

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5
Q

fetus uses ____ kcal/kg BW/day

A

56

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6
Q

median increase in TEE

A

8kcal/gestational week

- higher body mass= higher requirements to maintain body mass

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7
Q

EER in preg vs non preg ( 2 components)

A

+8 kcal/week (only in second and third trimester)

+ the energy deposition of (fat/protein) 180 kcal/day

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8
Q

2nd trimester EER

A

nonpreg EER + 340

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9
Q

3rd trimester EER

A

nonpreg EER + 452

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10
Q

1st trimester

A

no change in EER

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11
Q

does protein requirement change throughout trimesters

A

yes

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12
Q

EAR for average total additional protein requirement

A

21 g/day ( assuming additional body weight gained over 40 weeks = 16.0 kg

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13
Q

RDA for pregnant women

A

25 g /d

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14
Q

PAL

A

TEE/BMR

bc TEE = BEE + PAL

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15
Q

to prevent weight gain and accuse additional health benefits, how many minutes of moderate intensity PA/day?

A

60 mins ( adults and children)

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16
Q

additional energy in pregnancy include? (2)`

A
  1. energy for growth of new tissue 2. energy to maintain new tissue
17
Q

what is the energy cost of new tissue deposition?

A

these are based on weight gain during pregnancy
- the quantity of protein and fat gained can be converted to kcal, and added to determine the total energy deposition in kcal

18
Q

what is the calculation for PRO and fat deposition during pregnancy?

A

5.6 kcal per g pro, 9.5 kcal fat

19
Q

why is it more than the normal 4kcal/g pro and 9 kcal/g fat?

A

to synthesis into storage forms it requires slightly more energy

20
Q

median increase in TEE throughout pregnancy ?

A

8 kilocalories per week

21
Q

what happens to the increase parameters during pregnancy?

A

TEE increases, BMR increases PAL decreases (generally)

22
Q

what is the EER during pregnancy?

A

the TEE of the non-pregnant women + median change in TEE ( 8kcal/week) + the energy deposition of 180 kcal/day

23
Q

increase in protein requirement in the first trimester?

A

no - bc low deposition of tissue in 1st trimester

24
Q

additional protein requirement EAR and RDA

A

21 g/day and 25 g/day

25
Q

women who eat more what have a lower sis of LBW babies

A

meat, dairy and fish ( low energy or protein are associated with LBW)

26
Q

provision ( supplying ) proteins and energy supplements 5-7 months pre-pregnancy provide??

A

better birth length and higher birth weight

27
Q

omega-6 AI during pregnancy

A

13 g

28
Q

omega-3 AI during pregnancy

A

1.4 g

29
Q

what did study find in the blood in LBW in terms of ETA (mead acid), DHA and Arachidonic

A

high ETA, low DHA and low arachidonic

30
Q

what is mead acid?

A

ETA (eico-sa-tri-enoic acid)

31
Q

what do high levels of ETA indicate

A

a deficiency in both n-3 and n-6 acids

32
Q

describe the relationship between LBW and levels of FA

A

correlation between high levels of ETA, low levels of DHA and arachidonic acid and LBW

33
Q

what do vegetarian diets provide in terms of ration of n-3 and n-6?

A

excess n-6:n-3 ratio ( makes sense, where do they even get there n-3) so in pregnant vegetarians, there were lower levels of DHA (comes from n-3) , but higher levels of arachidonic acid (comes from n-6) in fetus brain

34
Q

DHA comes from

A

n-3

35
Q

AA comes from

A

n-6

36
Q

some (3) adaptations in pregnancy

A

slight ketosis, insulin resistance, less fasting maternal blood glucose??? (is this cause more is going to fetus??–> after a mean = hyperglycaemia, but fasting are lower!)

37
Q

what happens to the RQ during pregnancy ?

A

increases (meaning an increase in glucose utilization)

Nutr 337 (10 decks)

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