Energy, Macronutrient, Fiber and Water requirements during Pregnancy

Question 1

recommended PAL

Answer 1

1. 6-1.7

- active, 60min/d moderate intensity ( walking 4mph)

Question 2

why does BEE go up during pregnancy?

Answer 2

metabolic contributions of the uterus and the fetus

- increase lung and heart work

Question 3

strongest predictor of BEE

Answer 3

FFM

Question 4

FFM components that predict BEE in pregnancy

Answer 4

increase blood volume
skeletal mass
fetal and uterine tissue

Question 5

fetus uses ____ kcal/kg BW/day

Answer 5

56

Question 6

median increase in TEE

Answer 6

8kcal/gestational week

- higher body mass= higher requirements to maintain body mass

Question 7

EER in preg vs non preg ( 2 components)

Answer 7

+8 kcal/week (only in second and third trimester)

+ the energy deposition of (fat/protein) 180 kcal/day

Question 8

2nd trimester EER

Answer 8

nonpreg EER + 340

Question 9

3rd trimester EER

Answer 9

nonpreg EER + 452

Question 10

1st trimester

Answer 10

no change in EER

Question 11

does protein requirement change throughout trimesters

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

EAR for average total additional protein requirement

Answer 12

21 g/day ( assuming additional body weight gained over 40 weeks = 16.0 kg

Question 13

RDA for pregnant women

Answer 13

25 g /d

Question 14

PAL

Answer 14

TEE/BMR

bc TEE = BEE + PAL

Question 15

to prevent weight gain and accuse additional health benefits, how many minutes of moderate intensity PA/day?

Answer 15

60 mins ( adults and children)

Question 16

additional energy in pregnancy include? (2)`

Answer 16

1. energy for growth of new tissue 2. energy to maintain new tissue

Question 17

what is the energy cost of new tissue deposition?

Answer 17

these are based on weight gain during pregnancy
- the quantity of protein and fat gained can be converted to kcal, and added to determine the total energy deposition in kcal

Question 18

what is the calculation for PRO and fat deposition during pregnancy?

Answer 18

5.6 kcal per g pro, 9.5 kcal fat

Question 19

why is it more than the normal 4kcal/g pro and 9 kcal/g fat?

Answer 19

to synthesis into storage forms it requires slightly more energy

Question 20

median increase in TEE throughout pregnancy ?

Answer 20

8 kilocalories per week

Question 21

what happens to the increase parameters during pregnancy?

Answer 21

TEE increases, BMR increases PAL decreases (generally)

Question 22

what is the EER during pregnancy?

Answer 22

the TEE of the non-pregnant women + median change in TEE ( 8kcal/week) + the energy deposition of 180 kcal/day

Question 23

increase in protein requirement in the first trimester?

Answer 23

no - bc low deposition of tissue in 1st trimester

Question 24

additional protein requirement EAR and RDA

Answer 24

21 g/day and 25 g/day

Question 25

women who eat more what have a lower sis of LBW babies

Answer 25

meat, dairy and fish ( low energy or protein are associated with LBW)

Question 26

provision ( supplying ) proteins and energy supplements 5-7 months pre-pregnancy provide??

Answer 26

better birth length and higher birth weight

Question 27

omega-6 AI during pregnancy

Answer 27

13 g

Question 28

omega-3 AI during pregnancy

Answer 28

1.4 g

Question 29

what did study find in the blood in LBW in terms of ETA (mead acid), DHA and Arachidonic

Answer 29

high ETA, low DHA and low arachidonic

Question 30

what is mead acid?

Answer 30

ETA (eico-sa-tri-enoic acid)

Question 31

what do high levels of ETA indicate

Answer 31

a deficiency in both n-3 and n-6 acids

Question 32

describe the relationship between LBW and levels of FA

Answer 32

correlation between high levels of ETA, low levels of DHA and arachidonic acid and LBW

Question 33

what do vegetarian diets provide in terms of ration of n-3 and n-6?

Answer 33

excess n-6:n-3 ratio ( makes sense, where do they even get there n-3) so in pregnant vegetarians, there were lower levels of DHA (comes from n-3) , but higher levels of arachidonic acid (comes from n-6) in fetus brain

Question 34

DHA comes from

Answer 34

n-3

Question 35

AA comes from

Answer 35

n-6

Question 36

some (3) adaptations in pregnancy

Answer 36

slight ketosis, insulin resistance, less fasting maternal blood glucose??? (is this cause more is going to fetus??--> after a mean = hyperglycaemia, but fasting are lower!)

Question 37

what happens to the RQ during pregnancy ?

Answer 37

increases (meaning an increase in glucose utilization)