Energy For Exercise Flashcards
Aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic= energy needed provided by a supply of oxygen due to a longer period of time or a lower level of intensity
Anaerobic= energy needed provided in absence of oxygen due to the shortness in time or the very high level of intensity
What is ATP, ADP and ATpase?
ATP= adenosine triphosphate
A high energy compound which is our only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction
ADP= adenosine diphosphate
A compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP
ATpase= an enzyme which catalysts the breakdown of ATP
What is a exothermic and endothermic reaction?
Exothermic= a chemical reaction which releases energy
Endothermic= a chemical reaction which absorbs energy
What is aerobic and anaerobic?
Aerobic= energy needed provided by a supply of oxygen due to a longer period of time or a lower level of intensity
Anaerobic= energy needed provided in absence of oxygen due to the shortness in time or the very high level of intensity
What is ATP and ADP?
ATP= a high energy compound which is our only immediate available source of energy for muscular contraction
ADP= a compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP
What is an exothermic and endothermic reaction and what is the enzyme that breaks down ATP?
Exothermic= a chemical reaction which releases energy
Endothermic= a chemical reaction which absorbs energy
ATpase breaks down ATP
What is the ATP-PC?
Anaerobic
10-15 seconds max
Short sharp movements
Rapid ATP production, very short duration
Advantages and disadvantages of the ATP-PC system
Advantages=
Provides ATP re synthesis very quickly because PC is stored in muscles
No need for O2 as it’s anaerobic
No harmful by products
Disadvantages=
Pc stores in muscles is limited
Only provides energy for 10-12 seconds
1 molecule of ATP
Glycolytic system
Anaerobic
1-2 minutes max
Also known as the lactic acid system
Quick ATP production and short duration
GDP,PFK,LDH
Muscle glycogen- glucose via GPP
Glucose- pyruvic acid via PFK creates 2 ATP
Pyruvic acid- lactic acid via LDH
Advantages and disadvantages of the glycolytic system
Advantages=
Provide energy for high intensity activites
No need to wait for O2
High stores of glycogen the system can provide more energy to re synthesis
Disadvantages=
Creates harmful by-product in lactic acid
Lactic acid raises muscle activity levels which slows enzyme production causing fatigue
Aerobic system
3 stages=
Aerobic glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
Electron transport chain
Aerobic glycolysis=
Glycogen to glucose to pyruvic acid to 2 ATP + coenzyme A and Acectyl coenzyme A
Kreb’s cycle=
Acetyle COA + oxaloactetic acid- citric acid- kreb’s cycle which creates 2 ATP
Electron transport chain=
NAD and FAD + H= NADH+FADH
which creates 34 ATP
Advantages and disadvantages of the aerobic system
Advantages=
Large fuel stores allow long duration of energy production
High ATP yield
No fatiguing by-products
Disadvantages=
Delay for O2 delivery and complex series of reactions so can’t provide energy immediately
Slow energy production limits activity to sub-maximal intensity
What is intermittent exercise?
This is where the intensity alternates, either during repeated intervals or during a game in breaks of play or changes of intensity
Changes between energy systems= jumping through a threshold
What is EPOC?
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption. The volume of O2 consumed above testing levels during exercise.
What is oxygen deficit and consumption?
Oxygen deficit= when insufficient O2 is available at the start of exercise to provide all the ATP needed aerobically.
Oxygen consumption= the amount of O2 used by the body
What is myoglobin, active recovery, alactacid and lactacid?
Myoglobin= a protein that stores O2 in the muscle
Active recovery= the use of light energy to aid recovery
Alactacid= a fast process that takes 2-3 minutes where O2 is used for rapid re synthesis of ATP/PC stores and restoration of myoglobin
Lactacid= a slow process takes 1-24 hours where O2 is used to remove lactic acid and maintain high heart rate, breathing rate and body temperature.
4 tasks to allow the body and muscles to recover?
1= replenishment of O2 in myoglobin
2= replacement of glycogen
3= removal of lactic acid
4= return body temperature to normal
What is the Fast Alactacid stage?
During exercise PC and ATP are depleted but can be replenished by taking in 4 litres of O2 in about 2-3 minutes
What is the slow lactacid stage?
Lactic acid removed from cells/blood
65%- oxidised into CO2 and H2O
20%- converted into glycogen stored in liver
10%- converted into protein
5%- converted into glucose
The removal of CO2 by maintain cardiac output and venous return
Replenishment of glycogen stores- helped by consumption of carbohydrates
