Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Bio > Energy, catalysts and biosynthesis > Flashcards

Energy, catalysts and biosynthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do chemotrophic cells acquire energy?

A

Organic compounds which contain energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to the chemical energy in organic compounds that chemotrophic cells acquire?

A

The chemical energy is converted into other forms that are usable by the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the energy used for to perform cellular work?

A

-Build, Maintain, and replace macromolecules
-Transport molecules inside or outside the cell
-Move and divide (mechanical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are chemical reactions catalyzed by?

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The collection of all chemical reactions in a cell is its _________.

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of reaction breaks down the compounds into smaller molecules and releases energy from the bonds

A

Catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of reaction uses the energy from catabolism to synthesize complex organic molecules

A

Anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Energy is always subject to what?

A

The Laws of thermodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Energy is never created nor destroyed, only _________ from one form to another

A

Converted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is energy made by cells?

A

No, only converted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Energy conversion is always or never 100% total conversion?

A

Never

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cells acquire energy from sources and convert them into usable forms, but what is the one thing about the conversion that happens

A

Not all energy converted will be a usable form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ________ of the universe increases

A

Entropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is entropy a measure of?

A

Energy disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Increasing entropy means that energy becomes more

A

randomly distributed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Releasing stored energy from a compound increases or decreases entropy?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Storing energy in a compound increases or decreases entropy

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Energy tends to become disordered in the universe, what does this result in?

A

Entropy decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Must entropy always increase?

A

YES! It’s the laws of physics, living things are not closed systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cells perform catabolism to release energy from energy sources, is the first law followed when this happens?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Energy is released from?

A

Compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Some energy is released as _______, which disallows it from being used as an energy source

A

Heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When heat is released as energy, what happens to it?

A

The heat dissipates (or spreads out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Energy is increasing when catabolic reactions release energy from compounds including __________.

A

Releasing heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The energy of the sun comes from atomic reactions with much energy released, how is some of that energy lost?

A

through light and heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Can there be pockets of decreases entropy if there is an increase in entropy?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When you digest food and energy is converted what happens to entropy?

A

There is an increase in entropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Energy inputs allow what to occur

A

Order

29
Q

To acquire energy to decrease entropy, cells must _________ resources

A

Catabolize

30
Q

What are the 5 types of energy?

A
  1. Potential energy
  2. Kinetic energy
  3. Chemical energy
  4. Heat energy
  5. Light energy
31
Q

What is it called when light energy uses that energy to create complex organic compounds from less complex inorganic compounds

A

Photosynthesis

32
Q

What is it called when chemical energy uses energy from organic compounds to create high-energy molecules usable by a cell

A

Cellular respiration

33
Q

Heat energy increases movement of compounds and increase of force of ________ increasing the rate of bond formation

A

Collisions

34
Q

How is energy converted in cells?

A

Oxidation and reduction reactions

35
Q

Redox reactions involve _______ movement from one molecule to another

A

Electron

36
Q

Oxidation is gaining or losing electrons

A

Losing

37
Q

Reduction is gaining or losing electrons

A

Gaining

38
Q

Both types of reactions always

A

coupled

39
Q

Reduced forms can serve as electron _________

A

Donors

40
Q

Oxidized forms can serve as electron __________

A

Acceptors

41
Q

Does entropy increase or decrease when energy release takes place?

A

increase

42
Q

Reactions that release energy are

A

Exergonic

43
Q

Enzymes within a cell can use the released energy for what?

A

To perform a function

44
Q

Chemical reactions are reversible or non reversible?

A

Reversible

45
Q

Reactions occur most easily in the direction that causes

A

Energy release (exergonic)

46
Q

To get the reaction to occur in the reverse direction, what is needed

A

Another energy source (makes it endergonic)

47
Q

Do all reactions release energy?

A

No, and some reactions require energy to be added

48
Q

What is free energy

A

the usable energy available in a source

49
Q

Energy released during a reaction is the

A

Free energy change

50
Q

Energetically favorable have a positive or a negative energy change

A

negative - because they release energy from the source

51
Q

Reactions that have a positive energy change are

A

energetically unfavorable

52
Q

Reactions occur more spontaneously when the energy change is lower or higher?

A

Lower

53
Q

Free energy release is an increase or decrease in energy?

A

Increase

54
Q

As long as a greater amount of energy is lost than the amount utilized, entropy is still increasing or decreasing?

A

Increasing

55
Q

Reactions can be coupled which allows energy released to fuel what

A

Another reaction

56
Q

The sum of the delta G values for the two reactions is negative, which means that coupling is _________.

A

Energetically favorable

57
Q

What is the energy required to begin a reaction

A

activation energy

58
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

Decrease the amount of energy needed for activation

59
Q

Do enzymes change after a reaction

A

No, they remain unchanged

60
Q

Enzymes are specific to one reaction and can catalyze the reaction in _________.

A

In forward or reverse

61
Q

What kind of reaction occurs when enzymes encounter substrates

A

noncovalent interactions

62
Q

More interactions =

A

stronger connection between the enzyme and substrate

63
Q

Fewer interactions =

A

weaker connection that is more likely to break apart

64
Q

The released energy is frequently stored where?

A

Activated carrier compounds

65
Q

ATP

A

contains high energy bonds

66
Q

NADH, FADH2, NADPH

A

carry high energy electrons

67
Q

Reactions to produce activated carriers occur due to

A

Coupling with energetically-favorable reactions that release energy

68
Q

Activated carriers can be what in other reactions

A

Substrates

69
Q

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that can be used for what

A

Biosynthesis

Cell Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions