Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Bio > DNA and Chromosomes > Flashcards

DNA and Chromosomes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleic acids are polymers of what

A

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are connected by phosphodiester bonds to form what

A

A DNA strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two DNA strands interact to form a what

A

Double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What interaction takes place between what types of bonds between base pairs

A

Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A to T has how many hydrogen bonds

A

2 hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

G to C has how many hydrogen bonds

A

3 hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The two DNA strands are

A

Antiparallel and complementary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DNA carries genes which is what

A

Information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Each gene encodes a unique _________

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

All cells have DNA in what

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Large pieces of DNA that contain hundreds or thousands of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prokaryotes have what shaped chromosomes

A

Circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Eukaryotes have multiple what shaped chromosomes

A

Linear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Many eukaryotic species have more than one type of

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Humans have how many different chromosomes with two copies of each in the nucleus

A

23 (46 total)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Each pair of chromosomes (homologs) contain the same set of genes but carry different what

A

Alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

22 pairs of

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1 pair of what

A

Sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Life requires that parent cells pass genetic information to who

A

to the next generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The cell cycles includes the processes copying and separating chromosomes amoung what

A

Two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Copying and separating the chromosomes requires what

A

specialized chromosomal sequences and structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do chromosomes have where DNA synthesis begins?

A

Origin of replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Eukaryotic chromosomes also have

A

a centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a centromere

A

a region of DNA necessary for chromosome separation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What attaches to centromeres

A

Microtubules

26
Q

Which pair is easier to break

A

A/T base pairs

27
Q

What is the ori

A

A region of DNA with a high A/T content

28
Q

When does replication occur

A

interphase

29
Q

Where does repliation begin

A

The ori

30
Q

Replication completes before what

A

mitosis

31
Q

What does mitosis do

A

Separates the chromosome copies

32
Q

When a chromosome is copied in interphase, where do the copies remain attached

A

The centromere

33
Q

The two copies are called

A

Sister chromatids

34
Q

When do sister chromatids detatch

A

anaphase

35
Q

Are sister chromatids identical or different

A

identical

36
Q

Eukaryotic chromosomes also contain

A

Telomeres

37
Q

What are telomeres

A

Regions of repeated DNA seqeunces and specific proteins at the end of a linear chromosome

38
Q

What do telomeres do

A

Protect the ends of the chromosomes from degradation by cellular enzymes

39
Q

Are telomeres long or short

A

Long

40
Q

What is shortening of telomeres associated with

A

aging and some diseases

41
Q

Chromosomes alternate compacting depending upon what

A

The portion of the cell cycle

42
Q

Interphase/non-dividing =

A

More loosely packed

43
Q

Mitosis =

A

more tightly packed to make it easier to seperate

44
Q

Chromosome packaging is necessary for what

A

for cell division

45
Q

Chromosomes requires various types of what

A

DNA-binding proteins

46
Q

What are histones

A

A major type of DNA-packaging proteins

47
Q

What is a mixture between DNA and packaging proteins called

A

Chromatin

48
Q

DNA strands wrap around histones to form what

A

Nucleosomes

49
Q

Nucleosomes associate with each other to form what

A

Chromatin Fiber

50
Q

Chromatin fibers are folded into loops to do what

A

Compact the chromosome

51
Q

Packaging proteins can be inactivated which allows what

A

the chromosomes to relax

52
Q

Compaction state depends on what

A

the cell cycle stage

53
Q

Relaxed portions of a chromosome are called what

A

Euchromatin

54
Q

Compacted regions of chromosomes are called

A

Heterochromatin

55
Q

Centromeres and telomeres remain as what

A

heterochromatin

56
Q

When a region is tightly compacted, genes in that region are what

A

Not expressed

57
Q

Proteins involved in transcription cannot bind

A

DNA

58
Q

Whole regions of chromosomes can be

A

Turned off

59
Q

Protein compaction must be what for these genes to be expressed

A

relaxed

60
Q

Can cells control which genes are expressed or not expressed based on chromosome structure?

A

Yes

Cell Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions