Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Bio > Control of gene expression > Flashcards

Control of gene expression Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A multicellular organism has different types of cells that form what

A

Tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do all cells have the same DNA?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Different cell types produce different ________

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Differentiation is the process by which the cells take on characteristic physiological and morphological traits that are necessary for what cell state

A

Terminal cell state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differentiation is the result of what

A

Regulation gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

General strategies relate to controlling transcription, translation, and the stability of what

A

Activity of mRNA and proteins in a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a common way to regulate expression

A

To limit the amount of transcription that occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the general strategy used to regulation gene expression

A

Use DNA-binding proteins to affect how well RNA polymerase binds a promoter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are operons

A

groups of genes under the control of a single promoter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

One promoter is found where in an operon

A

the beginning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

One large piece of mRNA is transcribed rather then what

A

and individual RNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Multiple proteins are produced from where

A

The large transcript

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Operons can be used as what

A

How protein activation and inactivation regulate gene expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proteins that inhibits transcription are called

A

Repressor proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are activator proteins

A

regulatory proteins that increase transcription by enhancing RNA polymerase binding at the promoter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the main functions of trp operons

A

-encodes enzymes to produce tryptophan
-Trpr decreases transcription when it is active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the activity of trp depends on what

A

the amount of tryptophan present in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does TrpR do

A

Binds an operator site near the trp promoter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TrpR is allosteric with binding sites for what

A

DNA and tryptophan

20
Q

Tryptophan binds TrpR and opens the DNA binding site to activate TrpR which then binds what

A

the DNA

21
Q

If there is no tryptophan then what happens to the TrpR

A

it is inactive

22
Q

The lac operon has two DNA binding sites for two different what

A

Regulatory proteins

23
Q

What are the two regulatory proteins

A

Lacl - lac repressor
CAP - catabolite activator protein

24
Q

Both proteins are what

A

Allosteric

25
Q

Lacl can bind DNA and what

A

Allolactose

26
Q

CAP can bind what

A

DNA and cAMP

27
Q

lac operon encodes proteins to convert lactose to what

A

glucose

28
Q

Lacl binds DNA when what is absent

A

Allolactose

29
Q

CAP binds DNA when what is present

A

cAMP

30
Q

Eukaryotic cells also use regulatory proteins/transcription factors to control what

A

Gene expression

31
Q

Binding regions may be far from what

A

Promoters

32
Q

Transcription factors bind near promoters along with mediators and what

A

chromosome remodeling proteins

33
Q

Interaction of regulatory proteins with TF’s modulates what

A

RNA polymerase activity

34
Q

Eukaryotes use chromosome structure to regulate what

A

expression

35
Q

Is compacted DNA easily transcribed?

A

No

36
Q

DNA can be relaxed to allow what

A

transcription in those regions and repackaged to decrease transcription

37
Q

Lysine =

A

NH3+

38
Q

Acetylation =

A

CH3COO-

39
Q

Are individual proteins alone enough to start transcription

A

No it may not be

40
Q

What is needed in addition to individual proteins to start transcription

A

Binding of additional transcription

41
Q

Activity of these proteins may be regulated by compounds such as

A

Cortisol

42
Q

Many cellular pathways can lead to the activation of what

A

a transcription factor

43
Q

Bases in single stranded RNA base pair with other bases in the strand and lead to

A

secondary structure in RNA

44
Q

RNA 2 degree structure can attract what

A

translation repressors

45
Q

Mirco RNAs base pair with mRNA, which causes what

A

Decreased stability and translation

46
Q

Small interfering RNA’s base pair with viral RNa to do what

A

Inhibit viral gene expression in host cells

47
Q

Long noncoding RNA’s do what

A

Fold into shapes that tether proteins together to perform in a process

Cell Bio (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions