Energy Basics Flashcards
The use of engineering and economic principles to control energy costs while providing needed services in buildings
What is energy management
Energy Management generates savings in 4 ways
conservation and or behavior change,
improvements in energy efficiency,
changing patterns of energy use,
shifting to other sources of energy
On average, 1 GWh used in the USA causes the following:
707 metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent
Ability to do work or work that was done (Btu and kWh)
Energy
A Btu is the amount of energy required to heat one pound of water ___ Degree Fahrenheit
One
The rate at which work is done;
= Work Done / Time Required
Energy/ Time Required/ - Btu/hour
Power
___ are costs that depend on energy purchase price and efficiency of equipment
= Price
efficiency
Price Point Determination for Fuel Switching
Point of Use
This charge covers the utility’s fuel cost and their operating and maintenance costs
Energy Charge
This charge is based on peak power used by the customer in the month
Demand Charge
For high spike in demand Billed, the price does this and stays that way for a certain amount of months. varies from 50-100%
Demand Ratchet Clause
= actual demand * (o.8/PF)
Collection of inefficiency
Power Factor Adjustment/ Power Factor Adjusted Demand
This factor means that electrical capacity is not being used very effectively.
Low power factor
= Minimum power factor required by the utility
measured power factor during that month
Billed demand
Utilities use __ __ __ to compensate for the variance in fuel costs
Fuel adjustment charges
This is an additional cost if you get your power from facilities that are located in areas that allow for choice of generatiom. You are paying for the last mile infrastructure
Generation Costs
recovery of payments made by the utility for capaicty, net of revenues received by the utility for capacity sales
Capacity Costs
How to calculate an electrical bill?
- Calculate the demand charge and if you have ratchet you will have to use whatever kW is highest
- calculate the generation costs (kWh - distribution and generation)
- Add customer charges
- Add those together and add tax rate
This charge is for facilities who receive electric power at approximately 13.8kV vs smaller facilities receive a voltage level of approximately 480 volts
Primary vs secondary voltage charges
2-3% reduction in monthly charges if you take a primary volts
amount over and under a contracted amount of kWh/Therm usage a customer can use before another pricing mechanism is employed
Bandwidth
Costs that show up on your gas/electric bill that were not locked down the day you sign the contract. These charges may include capacity charges, renewable energy charges, etc.
Pass Thru
Contract terms and conditions automatically renew
Evergreen Clause
provides an opportunity for consumers to play a significant role in the reliability and operation of the electric grid by reducing usage during peak periods to time-based rates
Demand Response
The basic measure of a facility’s energy performance and provides the statement of the number of Btu’s of energy used annually per square foot of conditioned space. kBtu/year/ft^2
Energy Use Index
The basic measure of a facility’s energy costs and provides the statement of the number dollar paid annually for energy sources per square foot of conditioned space. $/ft^2 per year
Energy Cost Index
