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Year 7 > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 10 stores of energy?

A 
Magnetic potential energy
Kinetic energy
Thermal energy
Light energy
Gravitational potential energy
Chemical potential energy
Sound energy
Electrical potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Nuclear potential energy
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2
Q

State the law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred from one store to another

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3
Q

What are the energy transfers when something falls?

A

Energy is transferred from the gravitational potential energy store to the kinetic energy store

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of fossil fuel?

A

Oil
Coal
Natural gas

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5
Q

How was coal formed?

A

Millions of years ago some trees that died fell into a swamp.
The trees did not rot away because the swamp stopped the bacteria from getting oxygen
Over time mud built up on top of the trees this created a lot of pressure which crushed the trees
Being crushed for millions of years caused the dead trees to turn into coal

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6
Q

How was oil formed?

A

Millions of years ago sea creatures died and fell onto the seafloor
Over time sand piled up on top of the sea creatures
The weight of all of the sand created a very high pressure which crushed the dead sea creatures
Being crushed turned the sea creatures into oil

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7
Q

What are the 4 non renewable sources of energy?

A

Coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear

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8
Q

List 7 different types of renewable energy generation

A 
Hydroelectric
Solar
Geothermal
Wind
Wave
Tidal
Biomass
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9
Q

What are the main problems caused by fossil fuel power stations

A

Acid rain - coal fired power stations produce sulphur dioxide. This gas mixes with water in clouds to make sulphuric acid, which falls as acid rain

Global warming - Fossil fuel power stations produce carbon dioxide. When this gas is in the atmosphere it stops thermal energy from leaving the earth. This means the earth heats up (global warming)

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10
Q

What type of energy store does food store energy in?

A

Chemical energy store

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11
Q

If something is moving very fast, what energy store does it have a lot of energy in?

A

Kinetic energy store

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12
Q

If something is very high up, what energy store does it have a lot of energy in?

A

Gravitational potential energy store

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13
Q

What would you expect to feel if you touched an object with a lot of energy in the thermal energy store?

A

It is very hot

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14
Q

How would you test some food to see how much energy it contains?

A

You set it on fire, hold it under a beaker of water and see how much it heats up the water. The more it heats up the water the more chemical energy it had stored up.

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15
Q

Why might someone need to consume more food to take in more energy?

A

If they are growing, or are very active (a sports person).

Men also need to eat a bit more than women every day

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16
Q

Explain how wind power generators work

What are the energy transfers in the generator?

What are the problems with them?

A

The wind turns the turbine, the turbine turns a generator which generates the electricity

energy transfer:
Kinetic energy (in wind) --> electrical energy (in wires)

The problem is that it only works when the wind is blowing and some people think they look bad

17
Q

Explain how hydroelectric power stations work

What are the energy transfers in this power station

What are the problems with them?

A

Water that is in a lake high up is allowed to flow downwards through the power station. This turns a turbine which turns a generator, generating the electricity.

energy transfers:
gravitational potential energy (in high up water) –> kinetic energy (in falling water) –> electrical potential energy (in wires)

The problems are that they cause flooding of local areas which kill wildlife

18
Q

What are the good and bad points of tidal energy generation

A

Good points:
Always works as there are always tides
Renewable
Do not cause global warming

Bad points:
Ships cannot sail where the generators are

19
Q

What are the good and bad points of geothermal energy generation

A 
Good points:
It is cheap 
It can be done locally (for just one house)
Renewable
Does not cause global warming

Bad points:
It can only be set up where there are hot rocks that can heat the water

20
Q

What are the good and bad points of solar energy?

A

Good points:
Can generate energy for just one house (local generation)
Does not take up much space as they can be put on the roof of a house
Renewable
Do not cause global warming

Bad points:
Expensive to install
Does not work as well on a cloudy day

21
Q

What are the energy transfers in a torch?

A

Chemical potential energy (in battery) –> electrical potential energy (in wires) –> light energy (in bulb)

22
Q

What are the energy transfers in an object that is falling?

A

Gravitational potential energy (when it is high up) –> kinetic energy (moving fast)

23
Q

What are the good and bad points of wind energy generators?

A

Good points:
They are renewable
They do not cause global warming
Good to use in windy countries like the UK

Bad points:
They are unreliable because they do not work when there is no wind
Some people think that they look bad and spoil the environment

24
Q

Explain why people use fossil fuel power stations even though they are bad for the environment.

A

Fossil fuel power stations are cheap to build and to run.

They are very reliable because they can be used at any time and do not depend on the weather

25
Q

What are the three types of fossil fuel?

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas

26
Q

What are the energy transfers of a solar panel?

A

Light energy (from sun) –> electrical potential energy (in wires)

27
Q

What are the energy transfers in a hairdryer?

A

electrical potential energy (in wires) –> thermal energy (in heater) and kinetic energy (in the moving fan)

28
Q

Finish this sentence:

Something stores a lot of gravitational potential energy when it is ____________

A

High up

29
Q

Finish this sentence:

Something stores a lot of kinetic energy when it is ____________

A

Moving fast

30
Q

Finish this sentence:

Something stores a lot of light energy when it is ____________

A

Bright

31
Q

Finish this sentence:

Something stores a lot of elastic potential energy when it is ____________

A

Stretched

32
Q

A battery stores energy as _____________

A

Chemical potential energy

33
Q

What type of energy do electrons carry around an electric circuit

A

Electrical potential energy

Year 7 (7 decks)

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