Energy

Question 1

Potential Energy

Answer 1

stored energy

Question 2

Thermodynamics

Answer 2

the study of energy

Question 3

Kilocalorie

Answer 3

unit of heat energy

Question 4

Oxidation

Answer 4

when atom loses an election

Question 5

Reduction

Answer 5

when an atom gains an electron

Question 6

Redox Reactions

Answer 6

Oxidation and reduction reactions always happen together

Question 7

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 7

energy can’t be created or destroyed. it can only change form

Question 8

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 8

disorder in the universe is increasing (Entropy)

Question 9

free energy

Answer 9

the amount of energy available to make and break chemical bonds, AKA the energy available to do work in a system

Question 10

Enthalpy

Answer 10

energy contained in the bonds of the molecule

Question 11

Endergonic

Answer 11

a reaction that requires an input of energy

Question 12

Exergonic

Answer 12

a reaction that occurs spontaneously that does not need any energy input

Question 13

activation energy

Answer 13

the “extra” energy needed to destabilize bonds to start a reaction

Question 14

Catalysis

Answer 14

influencing the bonds in a way that lowers the activation energy needed to start a reaction

Question 15

Catalyst

Answer 15

substances that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction

Question 16

Enzymes

Answer 16

proteins that act like catalysts in the body

Question 17

substrates

Answer 17

molecules where enzymes fit that undergo a reaction

Question 18

active sites

Answer 18

pockets in enzymes

Question 19

Enzyyme-Substrate Complex

Answer 19

enzymes and the substrates they work on fit together

Question 20

induced fit

Answer 20

the binding of the enzyme to the substrate causes it to change shape slightly forming a better fit

Question 21

temperature optimum

Answer 21

the greater the temperature, the faster the reaction rate

Question 22

inhibitor

Answer 22

a substrate that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity

Question 23

feedback inhibition

Answer 23

often the end product of a biochemical pathway serves as an inhibitor of an early reaction in the pathway, causing the reaction to stop

Question 24

competitive inhibitors

Answer 24

compete for the same binding site of the substrate, thus blocking the active site. reaction doesn’t go

Question 25

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 25

bind to the enzyme in a place other than the active site, changing its shape. substrate can’t bind to the enzyme in its new shape=reaction doesn’t go

Question 26

allosteric site

Answer 26

specific part of an enzyme where noncompetitive inhibitors bind. serve as “on/off” switches

Question 27

allosteric inhibitor

Answer 27

the molecule that binds to allosteric site and reduces enzyme activity

Question 28

activator

Answer 28

binds to the allosteric site and keeps enzymes in their active mode, increasing enzyme activity

Question 29

Cofactors

Answer 29

other chemicals that enzymes are often helped by

Question 30

coenzyme

Answer 30

a cofactor that is a nonprotein, organic compound

Question 31

ATP

Answer 31

adenosine triphosphate-main energy molecule of all cells

Question 32

Biochemical Pathway

Answer 32

most reactions in the body have several steps

Question 33

metabolism

Answer 33

sum total of all the reactions carried out in an organism

Question 34

Anabolism

Answer 34

making bonds

Question 35

catabolism

Answer 35

breaking bonds

Question 36

Kinetic Energy

Answer 36

the energy of motion