energy Flashcards
anabolic
small molecules into larger ones
requires energy
metabolic
large molecule into smaller ones
energy is released
energy
ability to do work
1st law of thermodynamics
cannot be created for destroyed
second law of thermodynamcs
disorder is more likely than order
entropy
amount of disorder in the system
always increasing
heat energy is measured
in calories
1 calorie definition
amount of heat required to raise temp of 1 g of water by 1 C
endergonic reaction
reaction that needs input of energy
exergonic reaction
reaction that releases energy
free energy
energy available to do work
enthalpy
energy contained in a molecules chem bonds
entropy, delta s
energy due to ordering/disordering a system
does free energy say anything about the speed of reaction
no, will only say if its favorable
negative free energy (-G) relation to a reaction
favorable
activation energy
extra energy needed to start a reaction, all or nothing
catalysts
substances that lower activation energy of a reaction, not used in reaction
how are endergonic reactions driven
coupling with an exergonic reaction
delta g 0
reactions carried out under standard conditions (25C, 1 M reactants, ph 7)
will speed of reaction change delta g?
no
what effects enzyme activity
PH, temp
inhibitors
Competitive or allosteric, bind to an enzyme to decrease activity
activators
allosteric only
increase enzyme activity
competitive inhibitors
bind at the active site and inhibit substrate binding to enzyme
allosteric inhibitors
bind allosteric site and inhibit enzyme
allosteric sites
binding sites apart form active site
allosteric activator
bind allosteric site and activate the enzyme
biochemical pathways
serise in which the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next reaction
biochemical pathways are often regulated by
feedback inhibition
multienzyme complexes advantages
- product of one reaction can be quickly delivered to next
- no unwanted side reactions
- all reactions controlled as a unit
cellular resperiation
allows energy to be released in a serises of oxidation reactions
what facilitates oxi/reduc
enzymes
aerobic respiration
oxygen requiring breathing, oxygen is electron acceptors
anaerobic respiration
no oxy required, still need election acceptors
substrate level phosporylation
no oxy, inefficient way to make atp
transfers phosphate group to adp to make atp, next gains 2 ATP
oxidative phosphorlyation/ chemiosmosis
mitochondria
more efficient,
NADH produced via citric acid cycle and feeds electrons to electron transport chain
1 nadh to 3 ATP
electron transport chain
proton pump, gradient of potions
endergonic reaction what is delta g and stuffff
delta g is positive
energy requiring
exergonic reaction what is delta g and stuffff
negative
energy releasing
what will speed up a reaction
lowering activation energy
coupled reaction energy requirements
free energy release must be more than energy required
what effects enzymes
temp (hotter can be good but it will denature)
ph
other molecule inhibitors
