Energy Flashcards
define energy
the ability to do work
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created nor destroyed
energy can be…?
energy can be transferred from one object into another
energy can be transformed from one type into another
energy can be stored
potential energies
gravitational elastic magnetic chemical nuclear
kinetic energies
translational eletrecial light sound heat
kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion
potential energy
Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object and not moving but has the potential to move.
gravitational potential energy
the energy stored in an object has when its lifted above the ground
elastic potetial energy
energy that is stored through stretching or squashing
chemical potential energy
energy that stored is the chemical bonds of molecules and atoms
magnetic potential energy
energy that stored through the position of magnets
nucleur potential energy
energy involved in the reaction at the centre of atoms
translational kinetic energy
energy assosciated with the whole object moving
heat energy
the transfer of thermal energy
light energy
energy that comes from electromagnetic waves
sound energy
energy asosciated to the vibrations of particles in a material
electrical energy
energy created by electric charges
tranferring energy
Transfer of energy is when energy moves from one object to another without changing its form
transforming energy
Transformation is when energy is changing from one form into another. E.g chemical energy into kinetic energy.
output and input energies
input energy is the energy we start with. output energy is what we finish with
how is efficiency calculated?
efficiency= useful energy output ÷ energy input x 100%
3 ways thermal energy can be transferred
conduction, convection and radiation
conduction
heat transferred between substances in direct contact with each other. the transfer of heat through collision in particles
Example: grabbing the handle of a hot pan, walking barefoot on concrete during the summer, ironing clothes.
convection
Thermal energy that is transferred through movement in particles in fluids such as water and air
Examples: Boiling water, heat in a room, the ocean
radiation
Heat which is transferred through empty space, with electromagnetic waves.
Examples: warmth from the sun, a campfire, opening the oven door
