Cells Flashcards
who discovered cells?
robert hooke
the cell theory
3 sentences
all living things are made up of one or more cells
cells are the basic building blocks of life
new cells are made from exsisitng cells
surface of the cell
the surface of the cell is the cell membrane. it acts as a barrier to allow nutrients, oxygen and water.
surface area to volume ratio
movement in the cell would be more effective if the surface area were larger than the volume
eye peice lens
the lens at the top from where you look through to view the specimen. usually 10x or 15x magnification
body tube
connects the eyepeice to the objective lens
arm
supports the body tube and connects it to base. used to carry the microscope
base
supports the microscope
stage
flat platform where you place the specimen
stage clips
holds the specimen slide in place
objective lens
usually 3 lenses that magnify the specimen
course adjustment
used to move the stage closer or further to the objective lens to focus the microscope
fine adjustment
used to focus the image
revolving nosepeice
holds the objective lenses and can be rotated
micrometres
1 millionth of a metre
nano metres
1 billionth of a metre
prokaryotes
cells that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
eukaryotes
cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
prokaryotes and eukaryotes similarities
they both have ribosomes and a cell wall
cell membrane
encloses the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell
ribosomes
small structures that make proteins such as enzymes for the cell to use. can be found attached the rough ER or floating feely in the cytoplasm
unicellular organisms
organisms consisting of only one cell able to carry out all the processes by itself. they reproduce by splitting in 2 through the process of binary fission
multicellular organisms
multicellular organisms have many different types of cells that have different jobs.
nucleus
the control centre of the cell containing the cells genetic infrmation (DNA). it is responsible for the cells growth and reproduction and is found in both plants and animals
mitochondria
makes energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.
cellular respiration
chemical process in which glucose and oxygen is converted to water, energy and carbon dioxide
rough ER
makes and transports proteins and contains ribosmoes
smooth ER
produces fat for the cell and does not contain ribosomes
chloroplasts
oval shaped organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll. they are a site of photosynthesis
vacuoles
used to store water, nutrients and waste
golgi apparatus
sorts and packages proteins from the rough ER
rules for drawing microscope specimens
draw only a few cells, use solid lines, no shading
specialised cells
cells that have different structures and organelles to be able to carry out their specific role
nerve cells
cells with a star shape end to be able to detect send electrical messages throughout the body
skin cells
flattened cells to have better coverage that cover the outside of your body
red blood cells
small in size to move easily and carry oxygen throughout the body. nucleus dies early in life to create more space to hold oxygen
sperm cells
have flagella to help them swim towards the egg cells. found in males
bone cells
hard cells to keep the body upright.
egg cells
large and round to help them store food. only in females
muscle cells
long, thin elastic cells that slide over eachother to allow movement
lung cells
have hair-like tips called cilia that stop dust from getting into our lungs
adipose tissue cells
round shaped to store fat that can be turned into energy for cells.
guard cells
surround the stomata allowing it open and close to release water and carbon dioxide when needed.
root hair cells
absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil and have root hairs to absorb water faster
stomata
tiny pores in the leaves that release water and carbon dioxide
translocation
process in which sugars and amino acids are transported throughout the plant via the phloem tissue
phloem cells
tubes that carry glucose to all parts of the plant
xylem cells
used to carry water and dissolved minerals up the plant from the roots to the leaves
organelle
specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells
