Cells

Question 1

who discovered cells?

Answer 1

robert hooke

Question 2

the cell theory

3 sentences

Answer 2

all living things are made up of one or more cells
cells are the basic building blocks of life
new cells are made from exsisitng cells

Question 3

surface of the cell

Answer 3

the surface of the cell is the cell membrane. it acts as a barrier to allow nutrients, oxygen and water.

Question 4

surface area to volume ratio

Answer 4

movement in the cell would be more effective if the surface area were larger than the volume

Question 5

eye peice lens

Answer 5

the lens at the top from where you look through to view the specimen. usually 10x or 15x magnification

Question 6

body tube

Answer 6

connects the eyepeice to the objective lens

Question 7

arm

Answer 7

supports the body tube and connects it to base. used to carry the microscope

Question 8

base

Answer 8

supports the microscope

Question 9

stage

Answer 9

flat platform where you place the specimen

Question 10

stage clips

Answer 10

holds the specimen slide in place

Question 11

objective lens

Answer 11

usually 3 lenses that magnify the specimen

Question 12

course adjustment

Answer 12

used to move the stage closer or further to the objective lens to focus the microscope

Question 13

fine adjustment

Answer 13

used to focus the image

Question 14

revolving nosepeice

Answer 14

holds the objective lenses and can be rotated

Question 15

micrometres

Answer 15

1 millionth of a metre

Question 16

nano metres

Answer 16

1 billionth of a metre

Question 17

prokaryotes

Answer 17

cells that do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

Question 18

eukaryotes

Answer 18

cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Question 19

prokaryotes and eukaryotes similarities

Answer 19

they both have ribosomes and a cell wall

Question 20

cell membrane

Answer 20

encloses the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 21

ribosomes

Answer 21

small structures that make proteins such as enzymes for the cell to use. can be found attached the rough ER or floating feely in the cytoplasm

Question 22

unicellular organisms

Answer 22

organisms consisting of only one cell able to carry out all the processes by itself. they reproduce by splitting in 2 through the process of binary fission

Question 23

multicellular organisms

Answer 23

multicellular organisms have many different types of cells that have different jobs.

Question 24

nucleus

Answer 24

the control centre of the cell containing the cells genetic infrmation (DNA). it is responsible for the cells growth and reproduction and is found in both plants and animals

Question 25

mitochondria

Answer 25

makes energy for the cell through a process called cellular respiration.

Question 26

cellular respiration

Answer 26

chemical process in which glucose and oxygen is converted to water, energy and carbon dioxide

Question 27

rough ER

Answer 27

makes and transports proteins and contains ribosmoes

Question 28

smooth ER

Answer 28

produces fat for the cell and does not contain ribosomes

Question 29

chloroplasts

Answer 29

oval shaped organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll. they are a site of photosynthesis

Question 30

vacuoles

Answer 30

used to store water, nutrients and waste

Question 31

golgi apparatus

Answer 31

sorts and packages proteins from the rough ER

Question 32

rules for drawing microscope specimens

Answer 32

draw only a few cells, use solid lines, no shading

Question 33

specialised cells

Answer 33

cells that have different structures and organelles to be able to carry out their specific role

Question 34

nerve cells

Answer 34

cells with a star shape end to be able to detect send electrical messages throughout the body

Question 35

skin cells

Answer 35

flattened cells to have better coverage that cover the outside of your body

Question 36

red blood cells

Answer 36

small in size to move easily and carry oxygen throughout the body. nucleus dies early in life to create more space to hold oxygen

Question 37

sperm cells

Answer 37

have flagella to help them swim towards the egg cells. found in males

Question 38

bone cells

Answer 38

hard cells to keep the body upright.

Question 39

egg cells

Answer 39

large and round to help them store food. only in females

Question 40

muscle cells

Answer 40

long, thin elastic cells that slide over eachother to allow movement

Question 41

lung cells

Answer 41

have hair-like tips called cilia that stop dust from getting into our lungs

Question 42

adipose tissue cells

Answer 42

round shaped to store fat that can be turned into energy for cells.

Question 43

guard cells

Answer 43

surround the stomata allowing it open and close to release water and carbon dioxide when needed.

Question 44

root hair cells

Answer 44

absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil and have root hairs to absorb water faster

Question 45

stomata

Answer 45

tiny pores in the leaves that release water and carbon dioxide

Question 46

translocation

Answer 46

process in which sugars and amino acids are transported throughout the plant via the phloem tissue

Question 47

phloem cells

Answer 47

tubes that carry glucose to all parts of the plant

Question 48

xylem cells

Answer 48

used to carry water and dissolved minerals up the plant from the roots to the leaves

Question 49

organelle

Answer 49

specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells