body systems

Question 1

red blood cells

Answer 1

45% of blood and carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

Question 2

white blood cells

Answer 2

0.1% blood fight bacteria and viruses when ill and increase in number

Question 3

plasma

Answer 3

55% blood and is fluid that transports other components of blood also carrying water, nutrients and other waste

Question 4

platelets

Answer 4

0.01% blood aiding in the clotting blood

Question 5

what would happen with no red blood cells?

Answer 5

you would get anaemia which is lack of iron in blood due to lack of healthy red blood cells. causes weakness and fatigue

Question 6

what would happen with no white blood cells?

Answer 6

you’re more vulnerable to developing infections.

Question 7

what would happen with no platelets?

Answer 7

blood would not clot if platelets were absent. This will result in excessive blood loss and may even result in death.

Question 8

why the heart contains valves?

Answer 8

The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles

Question 9

arteries

Answer 9

Arteries transport blood from the heart and are blood vessels with thicker walls where blood travels through at a higher pressure

Question 10

veins

Answer 10

transport blood to the heart and are blood vessels thinner than arteries that have valves to stop blood flowing backwards because blood flows at lower pressure.

Question 11

capillaries

Answer 11

where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens and are only one cell thick to allow exchange of gases

Question 12

8. Name a circulatory system condition. Briefly describe this condition and how it is treated.

Answer 12

Anaemia which is the lack of iron in the blood leading to lack of healthy red blood cells and causes weakness and fatigue. treatments are iron tablets and changes in diet to iron rich foods

Question 13

what does the digestive system do?

Answer 13

involves a series of processes that break down food consumed so nutrients are small enough to be absorbed into blood

Question 14

what does the circulatory system do?

Answer 14

the circulatory system carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, and removes carbon dioxide.

Question 15

what does the respiratory system do?

Answer 15

responsible for getting oxygen in the body and carbon dioxide out

Question 16

what does the excretorry system do?

Answer 16

The function of the excretory system to remove wastes from the body.

Question 17

organs in the excretory system

Answer 17

kidneys, bladder and urethra.

Question 18

10. Define the term cellular respiration and write the equation

Answer 18

Glucose + oxygen = water + energy + carbon dioxide

cellular respiration is the process of making energy in the cells

Question 19

mouth

Answer 19

To use chemical digestion using enzymes in saliva and mechanical digestion by using teeth to physically break food into smaller pieces in order to break down food to be digested

Question 20

anus

Answer 20

Ring of muscle that is closed until needed and stretches open to allow waste to exit body

Question 21

stomach

Answer 21

does mechanical digestion by churning to fix up food with gastric juice and chemical digestion by using gastric juice to break down food

Question 22

large intestine

Answer 22

absorbs water from substance, resulting in firmer product. transmits this waste product from food out of body

Question 23

liver

Answer 23

produces a green substance known as bile which breaks down the fats and oils. food doesnt travel through liver.

Question 24

gall bladder

Answer 24

stores the bile for when the food reaches small intestine. food doesnt travel through gall bladder

Question 25

oesophagus

Answer 25

a muscular tube connecting your mouth to your stomach where the bolus is sent down to through a process called peristalsis

Question 26

small intestine

Answer 26

where all the foods nutrients are absorbed and is lined with finger like structures called villi absorbing nutrients in blood stream and increasing small intestines surface area

Question 27

villi

Answer 27

line the inner small intestine walls just one cell thick. increase the surface area of inestine to help nutrient absoptions. contain blood cappilalries

Question 28

pancreas

Answer 28

makes pancreatic juice assisting neutralization of stomach acid. creates the enzymes lipases, proteases, and amylases to chemicaly break down food. food doesnt travel through pancreas

Question 29

rectum

Answer 29

stores remaining feacal matter waiting to be removed from body

Question 30

saliva glands

Answer 30

releases saliva containing enzymes to help chemically break down food

Question 31

burping

Answer 31

a build up of gas releasing from mouth when air is taken in too quickly while eating or drinking

Question 32

heartburn

Answer 32

when stomach acid rises to oesophagus and gives burning sensation

Question 33

flatulence

Answer 33

passing of wind due to gases building up in large intestine

Question 34

diarrhoea

Answer 34

undigested food moving too quickly thru small and large intestine and villi not absorbing nutrients. large intestine cant absorb any water so faeces are watery

Question 35

vomiting

Answer 35

when food is forcefully ejected out of stomach up thru oesphagus

Question 36

gallstones

Answer 36

when bile stored in gall bladder hardens into stones casuing it to fill and cause stomach pain

Question 37

alveoli

Answer 37

small air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gasses are exchanged surrounded by capillaries

Question 38

diaphragm

Answer 38

a sheet of muscle helping the lungs expand and contract when breathing. diaphragm pulls down when inhaling and relaxes when exhaling

Question 39

mouth and nose

Answer 39

Air enters the respiratory system through the nose or the mouth. it goes in the nostrils

Question 40

trachea

Answer 40

a tube containing rings of cartilage to keep it open for airflow

Question 41

18. Why do we have many alveoli and what is the risk if they are destroyed?

Answer 41

due to their small size and high surface area to volume ratio. they also exchange gases for rest of body

Question 42

20. How does the respiratory system and circulatory system work together?

Answer 42

the circulatory system delivers fresh oxygen to rest of cells around body also collecting carbon dioxide. deoxygentaed blood is sent to lungs to get oxygenated

Question 43

emphysema

Answer 43

when certain substances like tobacco smokes and tar are inhaled and alveoli sacs are destoryed. treatments are lung transplants and medicaations