body systems Flashcards
red blood cells
45% of blood and carries oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body
white blood cells
0.1% blood fight bacteria and viruses when ill and increase in number
plasma
55% blood and is fluid that transports other components of blood also carrying water, nutrients and other waste
platelets
0.01% blood aiding in the clotting blood
what would happen with no red blood cells?
you would get anaemia which is lack of iron in blood due to lack of healthy red blood cells. causes weakness and fatigue
what would happen with no white blood cells?
you’re more vulnerable to developing infections.
what would happen with no platelets?
blood would not clot if platelets were absent. This will result in excessive blood loss and may even result in death.
why the heart contains valves?
The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles
arteries
Arteries transport blood from the heart and are blood vessels with thicker walls where blood travels through at a higher pressure
veins
transport blood to the heart and are blood vessels thinner than arteries that have valves to stop blood flowing backwards because blood flows at lower pressure.
capillaries
where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens and are only one cell thick to allow exchange of gases
- Name a circulatory system condition. Briefly describe this condition and how it is treated.
Anaemia which is the lack of iron in the blood leading to lack of healthy red blood cells and causes weakness and fatigue. treatments are iron tablets and changes in diet to iron rich foods
what does the digestive system do?
involves a series of processes that break down food consumed so nutrients are small enough to be absorbed into blood
what does the circulatory system do?
the circulatory system carries oxygen and nutrients to cells, and removes carbon dioxide.
what does the respiratory system do?
responsible for getting oxygen in the body and carbon dioxide out
what does the excretorry system do?
The function of the excretory system to remove wastes from the body.
organs in the excretory system
kidneys, bladder and urethra.
- Define the term cellular respiration and write the equation
Glucose + oxygen = water + energy + carbon dioxide
cellular respiration is the process of making energy in the cells
mouth
To use chemical digestion using enzymes in saliva and mechanical digestion by using teeth to physically break food into smaller pieces in order to break down food to be digested
anus
Ring of muscle that is closed until needed and stretches open to allow waste to exit body
stomach
does mechanical digestion by churning to fix up food with gastric juice and chemical digestion by using gastric juice to break down food
large intestine
absorbs water from substance, resulting in firmer product. transmits this waste product from food out of body
liver
produces a green substance known as bile which breaks down the fats and oils. food doesnt travel through liver.
gall bladder
stores the bile for when the food reaches small intestine. food doesnt travel through gall bladder
oesophagus
a muscular tube connecting your mouth to your stomach where the bolus is sent down to through a process called peristalsis
small intestine
where all the foods nutrients are absorbed and is lined with finger like structures called villi absorbing nutrients in blood stream and increasing small intestines surface area
villi
line the inner small intestine walls just one cell thick. increase the surface area of inestine to help nutrient absoptions. contain blood cappilalries
pancreas
makes pancreatic juice assisting neutralization of stomach acid. creates the enzymes lipases, proteases, and amylases to chemicaly break down food. food doesnt travel through pancreas
rectum
stores remaining feacal matter waiting to be removed from body
saliva glands
releases saliva containing enzymes to help chemically break down food
burping
a build up of gas releasing from mouth when air is taken in too quickly while eating or drinking
heartburn
when stomach acid rises to oesophagus and gives burning sensation
flatulence
passing of wind due to gases building up in large intestine
diarrhoea
undigested food moving too quickly thru small and large intestine and villi not absorbing nutrients. large intestine cant absorb any water so faeces are watery
vomiting
when food is forcefully ejected out of stomach up thru oesphagus
gallstones
when bile stored in gall bladder hardens into stones casuing it to fill and cause stomach pain
alveoli
small air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gasses are exchanged surrounded by capillaries
diaphragm
a sheet of muscle helping the lungs expand and contract when breathing. diaphragm pulls down when inhaling and relaxes when exhaling
mouth and nose
Air enters the respiratory system through the nose or the mouth. it goes in the nostrils
trachea
a tube containing rings of cartilage to keep it open for airflow
- Why do we have many alveoli and what is the risk if they are destroyed?
due to their small size and high surface area to volume ratio. they also exchange gases for rest of body
- How does the respiratory system and circulatory system work together?
the circulatory system delivers fresh oxygen to rest of cells around body also collecting carbon dioxide. deoxygentaed blood is sent to lungs to get oxygenated
emphysema
when certain substances like tobacco smokes and tar are inhaled and alveoli sacs are destoryed. treatments are lung transplants and medicaations
