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Kelas X Semester 2 > Energi > Flashcards

Energi Flashcards

1
Q

Energi

Pengertian

A

Kemampuan untuk melakukan usaha

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2
Q

Energi

Ciri

A

Tidak dapat diciptakan/dimusnahkan, tapi bisa diubah bentuknya

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3
Q

Jenis

Primer

A

Langsung dari alam

Batubara, matahari, air, dll

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4
Q

Jenis

Sekunder

A

Dari energi primer

Listrik

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4
Q

Kinetik

Listrik

A

Generator

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5
Q

Kinetik

Panas

A

Gesekan

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6
Q

Kinetik

Bunyi

A

Getaran

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7
Q

Listrik

Kinetik

A

Motor listrik

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8
Q

Listrik

Kimia

A

Elektrolisis air

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9
Q

Listrik

Cahaya

A

Lampu LED, Laser, dll

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10
Q

Listrik

Panas

A

Resistor

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11
Q

Listrik

Bunyi

A

Speaker

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12
Q

Kimia

Kinetik

A

Otot

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13
Q

Kimia

Listrik

A

Baterai

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14
Q

Kimia

Cahaya

A

Glowstick

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15
Q

Kimia

Panas

A

Api

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16
Q

Kimia

Bunyi

A

Petasan

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17
Q

Cahaya

Listrik

A

Panel Surya

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18
Q

Cahaya

Kimia

A

Fotosintesis

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19
Q

Panas

Kinetik

A

Mesin uap

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20
Q

Panas

Cahaya

A

Api berpijar

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21
Q

Bunyi

Listrik

A

Mikrofon

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22
Q

Batu Bara

Asal

A

Batuan sedimen dari tumbuhan pra sejarah

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23
Q

Batu Bara

Unsur Utama

A

Hidrogen, Karbon, Oksigen

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24
Q

Lignit

Ciri

A
  • Cokelat
  • Muda
  • Energi = 2500 kkal = 10-20 MJ
  • Bahan kotor = 40-75 %
  • Air = 35-75 %
  • Karbon = 60-70 %
  • Debu = 9-19 %
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25
Q

Sub-Bituminous

Ciri

A
  • Lebih tua
  • Sedikit lunak
  • Cokelat-Kehitaman
  • Energi = 2500-4000 kkal = 19-26 MJ
  • Air = 25-35 %
  • Karbon = 40-60 %
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26
Q

Bituminous

Ciri

A
  • Lebih lama & dalam
  • Keras
  • Hitam
  • Mengandung Hidrogen, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Dihidrogen oksida
  • Energi = 4000-5000 kkal = 35 MJ
  • Air = 10-25 %
  • Karbon = 60-80 %
  • Debu = 6-12 %
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27
Q

Antrasit

Ciri

A
  • Keras dan padat
  • Hitam mengkilat
  • Sulit terbakar
  • Jumlah sedikit, produksi mahal
  • Energi > 5000 kkal > 35 MJ
  • Pengotor sedikit
  • Air < 10%
  • Karbon > 80%
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28
Q

Batubara

Coking Coal

A

Peleburan Besi & Baja

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29
Q

Batu Bara

Thermal Coal

A

PLTU

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30
Q

PLTU

Keunggulan

A
  • Murah
  • 24 jam
  • Infrastruktur tersedia
  • Mudah simpan-kirim
  • Indonesia punya
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31
Q

PLTU

Kelemahan

A
  • Limbah berbahaya
  • Gas rumah kaca
  • Menyakiti flora-fauna
32
Q

Minyak Bumi

Asal

A

Jasad renik, sisa flora-fauna jutaan tahun lalu

33
Q

Minyak Bumi

Unsur Utama

A

Hidrogen, Karbon

34
Q

Distilasi

< 20ºC

A

Gas

C = 4

35
Q

Distilasi

< 20ºC

A

Gas

C = 4

36
Q

Distilasi

20-40ºC

A

Nafta

C = 8

37
Q

Distilasi

40-70ºC

A

Bensin

C = 8

38
Q

Distilasi

70-120ºC

A

Kerosin/Minyak Tanah

C = 12

38
Q

Distilasi

70-120ºC

A

Kerosin/Minyak Tanah

C = 12

39
Q

Distilasi

120-200ºC

A

Diesel

C = 16

40
Q

Distilasi

120-200ºC

A

Diesel

C = 16

41
Q

Distilasi

200-300ºC

A

Minyak pelumas

C = 36

42
Q

Distilasi

300-600ºC

A

Lilin/Parafin

C = 44

43
Q

Distilasi

> 600ºC

A

Aspal/Residu

C = 80

44
Q

Gas Alam

Asal

A

Sisa organisme

45
Q

Gas Alam

Unsur

A

CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, H2O, CO2, H2S

46
Q

PLTG

Keunggulan

A
  • Sisa bakar bisa untuk PLTU
  • Efisiensi tinggi
  • Fleksibilitas tinggi
  • Lebih Murah
47
Q

PLTG

Kelemahan

A
  • Terbatas
  • Umur pendek
  • Tidak ramah lingkungan
  • Tergantung alam
  • Harga tidak stabil
  • Lokasi terpencil
48
Q

LPG

Unsur

A

C3H8, C4H10

49
Q

LNG

Unsur

A

CH4

50
Q

CNG

A

Kompresi CH4

Transjakarta

51
Q

CBM

A

CH4 dalam batu bara

52
Q

Jargas

A

Pengaliran gas alam untuk rumah tangga

53
Q

Matahari

Sel surya

A

PLTS

Bahan semikonduktor dari diode tipe P & N

54
Q

Matahari

Termal surya

A

Pemanas air

55
Q

PLTS

Keunggulan

A
  • Terbarukan
  • Berlimpah, gratis
  • Ramah lingkungan
  • Biaya perawatan rendah
  • Aman
56
Q

PLTS

Kelemahan

A
  • Biaya awal mahal
  • Tergantung cuaca
  • Area luas
  • Baterai penyimpanan mahal
57
Q

PLTB

Faktor

A
  • Kecepatan angin
  • Diameter turbin
  • Jenis generator
58
Q

PLTB

Keunggulan

A
  • Ramah lingkungan
  • Biaya operasional rendah
  • Lahan kecil
59
Q

PLTB

Kelemahan

A
  • Tergantung cuaca
  • Polusi audio-visual
  • Bahaya untuk burung/kelelawar
60
Q

PLTA

Faktor

A
  • Kapasitas aliran air
  • Ketinggian air
61
Q

PLTA

Komponen

A
  • Dam
  • Turbin
  • Generator
62
Q

PLTA

Jenis

A
  • Pico = 5 kW
  • Mikro = 5-500 kW
  • Mini = 500-1000 kW
  • Large > 1000 kW
63
Q

PLTA

Keunggulan

A
  • Ramah lingkungan
  • Terbarukan
  • Cepat merespon kebutuhan energi
  • Umur panjang
  • Bisa untuk irigasi
64
Q

PLTA

Kelemahan

A
  • Dana investasi besar
  • Lahan luas
  • Mengganggu ekosistem sungai
65
Q

PLTP

Keunggulan

A
  • Ramah lingkungan
  • Terbarukan
  • Konstan
  • Lahan dan air minimal
66
Q

PLTP

Kelemahan

A
  • Dana besar untuk eksplorasi
  • Pengeboran sulit
  • Lokasi tertentu
  • Harga listrik tidak kompetitif
67
Q

Biofuel

Cara

A
  • Pembakaran
  • Ferementasi
  • Langsung
68
Q

Biodiesel

Asal

A

Gandum, Tebu, Jagung

Solar

69
Q

Biodiesel

Asal

A

Gandum, Tebu, Jagung

Solar

70
Q

Bioetanol

Asal

A

Minyak kedelai, jarak, bunga matahari

Bensin

70
Q

Bioetanol

Asal

A

Minyak kedelai, jarak, bunga matahari

Bensin

71
Q

Biogas

Asal

A

Kotoran sapi, kerbau, kambing

72
Q

Biogas

Unsur

A

CH4, CO2, H2S, NH3

73
Q

Biogas

Keunggulan

A
  • Ramah lingkungan
  • Melimpah
  • Mengurangi ketergantungan fosil
  • Serbaguna
74
Q

Biogas

Kelemahan

A
  • Mahal
  • Tergantung waktu panen
  • Polusi pembakaran
  • Melepas CO2
  • Deforestasi
  • Butuh banyak air
75
Q

PLTN

Keunggulan

A
  • Ramah lingkungan
  • Biaya bahan bakar murah
  • Tidak tergantung cuaca
76
Q

PLTN

Kelemahan

A
  • Konstruksi lama
  • Limbah radioaktif
  • Rawan bencana

Kelas X Semester 2 (14 decks)

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