Endterm Notes Flashcards
functions of lipids
long-term energy storage
making biological membrane
insulation
esters of fatty acids with glycerol
triglycerides
well-known steroid molecule that serves as precursor for other steroids such as testosterone and vitamin
cholesterol
a type of product that contains a lot of hydrogenated oils
trans fatty acid
building block of molecules that make up the cell membrane
fatty acids
cholesterol build up occurs from consuming too much unhealthy fats that can cause:
veins and arteries will start to clog which lead to stroke
__________ and __________ are formed when there is a condensation reaction
fatty acid and alcohols
this is where most lipid digestion occur
duodenum
amphipathic molecules contain __________ head group and __________ tail
polar
non-polar
kind of lipase enzyme that helps the breakdown of lipids in the stomach
gastric lipase
process that takes the large droplet of lipids and breaks it down to smaller droplets with the aid of bile / bile acid
emulsification
it is a process in which a fat molecule is broken down by sodium hydroxide (lye) into four smaller molecules; three of the new molecules are soap and one is glycerol
saponification
it is the name for a chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt
saponification
a process in which liquid oil will turn into solid like butter or margarine
hydrogenation
susceptible to essential fatty acid deficiency
infants consuming formula diet
function of chylomicron in the absorption of lipids
transportation of triglycerides
part of the human body where the chylomicron is produced
intestinal cells
fat substitutes are made of
carbohydrates
proteins
starch
saturated with hydrogen; in other words, the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized
saturated fatty acids
when the hydrocarbon chain contains a double bond, the fatty acid is said to be __________ __________ __________
unsaturated fatty acid
if there is one double bond in the molecule, then it is known as a __________ __________
monounsaturated fat
if there is more than one double bond, then it is known as a __________ __________
polyunsaturated fat
unsaturated fatty acids exhibit __________ __________ at the double bonds
geometrical isomerism (stereoisomerism)
all the naturally occurring fatty acids have the cis- configuration
however, in the body during metabolism __________ _________ __________ are formed
trans fatty acids
examples of saturated fatty acids
caproic
oleic
lauric
arachidic
stearic
palmitic
butyric
caprylic
examples of unsaturated fatty acids
linolenic
arachidonic
the female steroid hormone - __________ is a derived lipid
estrogen
___________ is the most common steroid
cholesterol
oil and water don’t mix because water has __________ bonds while oils have ___________ bonds
polar
non polar
__________ ____________ help emulsify fat droplets
bile salts
__________ is the most powerful antioxidant than vitamin C
vitamin E
the main role of vitamin K is in ___________ __________
blood clotting
__________ is water soluble and easily destroyed by heat, alkali and storage
vitamin C
__________ is precursor of steroid
cholesterol
__________ is important for synthesizing bile salts
cholesterol
__________ are either strongly hydrophobic or amphipathic
lipids
__________ __________ is created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen
trans fat
__________ __________ can also be called “partially hydrogenated”
trans fat
one part of the __________ is non-polar and the other is polar
phospholipid
