Endogenous pacemakers and Exogenous zeitgebers

Question 1

endogenous

Answer 1

within the body

Question 2

exogenous

Answer 2

outside the body

Question 3

endogenous pacemakers

Answer 3

mechanisms within the body that govern the internal biological bodily rhythms

Question 4

what is the most important pacemaker

Answer 4

the suprachiasmatic nucleus SCN

Question 5

what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus key role

Answer 5

generating the body’s circadian rhythms

Question 6

what does the SCN receive

Answer 6

receives information about light levels via the optic nerve

Question 7

what does the SCN also regulate

Answer 7

the manufacture and secretion of melatonin in the pineal gland

Question 8

melatonin

Answer 8

regulates sleep and wakefulness

Question 9

SCN and Pineal gland

Answer 9

SCN sends signal to pineal gland directing it to increase production and secretion of melatonin at night and to decrease it as light levels increase In morning

Question 10

how does melatonin work

Answer 10

induces sleep by inhibiting the brain mechanisms that promote wakefulness

Question 11

exogenous Zeitgebers

Answer 11

an environmental cue, such as light that helps to regulate the biological clock in an organism

Question 12

receptors in SCN

Answer 12

sensitive to changes in light levels

Question 13

ez- light

Answer 13

resets the internal biological clock each day keeping it on a 24 hour cycle

Question 14

application for light

Answer 14

blue light in technology disrupts circadian rhythm as it is replicating natural sunlight- prolonging wakefulness as keeps detection of light going

Question 15

ez- social cues

Answer 15

social stimuli like mealtimes and social activities can also act as zeitgebers

Question 16

social cues- Aschoff 1971

Answer 16

showed individuals can respond to social zeitgbers in the absence of natural light zeitgebers by responding to social zeitgebers

Question 17

social zeitgebers

Answer 17

external factors affecting routine e.g going out for lunch