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5th yr- Finals- CSA revision > Endodontology: understanding the science > Flashcards

Endodontology: understanding the science Flashcards

1
Q

Define Endodontology

A

The form, function, health of, injuries to and diseases of the dental pulp

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2
Q

Define Endodontics

A

Prevention and treatment of Endodontics infections

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3
Q

What can trauma such as a root fracture affect the pulp

A

Can cause ti to shrink as a defensive response (pulp shrinks and lays down secondary dentine)

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4
Q

Give some function of the pulp

A
  1. Develops the tooth
  2. Important in sensation
  3. Provides nutrition
  4. Defence
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5
Q

What is loose connective tissue

A

A connective tissue that doesn’t have many cells

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6
Q

Is mechanical cleaning of the tooth enough to clean root canals?

A

No you need to supplement it with disinfectant such as bleach

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7
Q

How does a pulp response to dental infection/ irritation

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Recovery
  3. Lays down secondary dentine
  4. Anterior venous shunts
  5. Necrosis
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8
Q

What can increased inflammation of the pulp lead to and why

A

Pain as there’s increased blood flow in an enclosed space

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9
Q

What can untreated pulpal inflammation lead to

A

Pulpal necrosis

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10
Q

How can the pulp get injured

A
  1. Caries
  2. Dentists
  3. Trauma
  4. Loss of tooth substance through wear
  5. Periodontal disease
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11
Q

What type of bacteria are present in an infected root canal

A

Mixed aerobic / anaerobic species

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12
Q

What is the disadvantage of removing the pulp

A

Pulp death removes the line of defence which was provided by pulp dentine complex

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13
Q

Why might in some cases LA fail prior ro pulp extirpation

A
  1. Acute pulpal inflammation
  2. Hyper excitability of the nerve fibres
  3. patient factors
  4. Hyperaemic pulp
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14
Q

Give examples of patient factors that might affect LA effectiveness

A
  1. Variation in individual response to LA
  2. Pain threshold
  3. Anxiety levels
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15
Q

Which fibres if hyperactive coudl lead to LA failure

A

Hyperactive C fibres may mean LA solution is unable to lock conduction of thee impulses

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16
Q

Why can inflammation lead to failure of LA

A
  1. Increased vascularity of the tissues may remove LA more rapidly
  2. pH of the inflammatory products in the region of the tooth may be more acidic potentially denaturing LA solution
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17
Q

Name the steps invoked in Endodontics treatment

A
  1. LA
  2. Rubber dam isolation
  3. Accessing the pulp
  4. Preparation
  5. Intra canal medicaments
  6. Temporisation
  7. Obturation
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18
Q

What are the main functions of rubber fam in Endodontics treatment

A
  1. Protection of the airway
  2. Protection from irrigants
  3. Prevention of contamination
  4. Improved access and visualisation
  5. Patient comfort
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19
Q

What should we ensure regarding the condition of th tooth before starting Endodontics treatment

A

Ensure that the tooth is free of caries and that any defection restoration are removed so that a sound coronal restoration can be placed

20
Q

Before starting Endodontics treatment what should we take

A

A pre op periapical

21
Q

What show a pre op periapical show

A

It should:
1. project the tooth as near to its natural size as possible
2. Show the full roots
3. Show approx 2-3mm of the periodical tissues

22
Q

What should you look for when reading a radiograph?

A
  1. Number of roots
  2. Number of canals
  3. Morphology of roots/canals
  4. Extent of current restoration
  5. Presence of caries
  6. Presence of canal sclerosis/ pulp stones/ previous RCT/ fractured instruments
23
Q

What is the aim when ganging coronal access

A

To remove the roof of the pulp chamber allowing the removal of the coronal pulp

24
Q

What is a successful root canal treatment dependant on

A

Thorough cleaning and shaping of the root canal system and placement of adequate 3d root canal filling

25
Q

What is the aim of cleaning and shaping the canals

A

Aims to remove as many bacteria as possible without compromising the strength of go the tooth and allowing for adequate filling or obturation

26
Q

What does preparation of root canals involve

A

Mechanical cleaning and shaping with files and chemical disinfection of the canal system

27
Q

What is the preparation of the root canals called?

A

It is known as chemomechanical preparation

28
Q

What is used to carry out mechanical preparation

A
  1. Files
  2. Gates glidden burrs
  3. Hand files
  4. Rotary files
  5. K files
29
Q

What are gates glidden burrs used to do

A

Can be used in the straight coronal portion of the canal to produce a smooth and gentle taper

30
Q

What is the aim of coronal preparation

A

It aims to remove the most heavily infected tissue and prevents bacteria being carried apically
Also gives improved access to the apical part of the canal

31
Q

When carrying out coronal preparation what should we be constantly be doing

A

Copious irrigation

32
Q

Following apical prep what do we do

A

Coronal prep with k files

33
Q

What are k files

A

Stainless tell files with a standard taper

34
Q

What are K files sized according to?

A

They are sized according to their diameter at the tip in 1/100ths of a mm (this means a 10 file has a diameter of 0.01mm at the tip)

35
Q

Give some ideal qualities a goodendodontic irrigant

A
  1. Needs to destroy micro organisms
  2. Dissolves organic matter
  3. Wets the canals (lubrication)
  4. Removes debris by flushing
  5. Biocompatible
36
Q

Name the most commonly used dental irritant

A

Sodium hypochlorite

37
Q

What do we place in the canals between appts

A

Intra canal medicaments

38
Q

What are the requirements for an intra canal medicament

A
  1. antibacterial
  2. Aids periapical healing
  3. Therapeutic
  4. Anti inflammatory
  5. Long lasting
  6. Non irritant
  7. Easy to use and remove
  8. Cheap
39
Q

When might you need to use an intra canal medicament?

A
  1. If there’s persistent infection
  2. If pt becomes symptomatic
  3. If you’re bale to dry prepared canals
  4. Prep is incomplete
  5. Insuffienct time to obturate
40
Q

Why do we use calcium hydroxide paste

A
  1. Long lasting bactericidal action
  2. Aids repair
  3. Apexification
  4. Dissolves organic debris
  5. Easy too use
  6. Relatively easy to remove
41
Q

What is the aim of temporisation

A
  1. Seal the tooth
  2. Restores function
    3, Prevents over eruption/ drifting
  3. Restores aesthetics
42
Q

Name soem materials that can used during temporisation

A
  1. Kalzinol (zincoxide eugenol),
  2. glass ionomer,
  3. polycarboxylate cement,
  4. intermediate restorative material
  5. composite
43
Q

What do you need to do to the temporary restoration to ensure re access is easier?

A

A pleglet of cotton wool is placed into the pulp chamber before the temporary restoration is placed into the access cavity

44
Q

What is the aim of obturation

A

To provide a 3D seal fo the canal system to prevent micro organisms from entering and reinfecting the canal system

45
Q

What do we use to obturate th ecnalas

A

Cones of Gutta percha

46
Q

What are cones fo GP

A

Natural rubber materials combined with zinc oxide and radio opaquers

47
Q

Describe the properties of GP

A

It has has visco-elastic properties and can be softened by heat or solvents

5th yr- Finals- CSA revision (19 decks)

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