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5th yr- Finals- CSA revision > Endodontology: understanding the science > Flashcards

Endodontology: understanding the science Flashcards

1
Q

Define Endodontology

A

The form, function, health of, injuries to and diseases of the dental pulp

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2
Q

Define Endodontics

A

Prevention and treatment of Endodontics infections

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3
Q

What can trauma such as a root fracture affect the pulp

A

Can cause ti to shrink as a defensive response (pulp shrinks and lays down secondary dentine)

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4
Q

Give some function of the pulp

A
  1. Develops the tooth
  2. Important in sensation
  3. Provides nutrition
  4. Defence
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5
Q

What is loose connective tissue

A

A connective tissue that doesn’t have many cells

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6
Q

Is mechanical cleaning of the tooth enough to clean root canals?

A

No you need to supplement it with disinfectant such as bleach

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7
Q

How does a pulp response to dental infection/ irritation

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Recovery
  3. Lays down secondary dentine
  4. Anterior venous shunts
  5. Necrosis
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8
Q

What can increased inflammation of the pulp lead to and why

A

Pain as there’s increased blood flow in an enclosed space

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9
Q

What can untreated pulpal inflammation lead to

A

Pulpal necrosis

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10
Q

How can the pulp get injured

A
  1. Caries
  2. Dentists
  3. Trauma
  4. Loss of tooth substance through wear
  5. Periodontal disease
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11
Q

What type of bacteria are present in an infected root canal

A

Mixed aerobic / anaerobic species

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12
Q

What is the disadvantage of removing the pulp

A

Pulp death removes the line of defence which was provided by pulp dentine complex

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13
Q

Why might in some cases LA fail prior ro pulp extirpation

A
  1. Acute pulpal inflammation
  2. Hyper excitability of the nerve fibres
  3. patient factors
  4. Hyperaemic pulp
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14
Q

Give examples of patient factors that might affect LA effectiveness

A
  1. Variation in individual response to LA
  2. Pain threshold
  3. Anxiety levels
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15
Q

Which fibres if hyperactive coudl lead to LA failure

A

Hyperactive C fibres may mean LA solution is unable to lock conduction of thee impulses

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16
Q

Why can inflammation lead to failure of LA

A
  1. Increased vascularity of the tissues may remove LA more rapidly
  2. pH of the inflammatory products in the region of the tooth may be more acidic potentially denaturing LA solution
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17
Q

Name the steps invoked in Endodontics treatment

A
  1. LA
  2. Rubber dam isolation
  3. Accessing the pulp
  4. Preparation
  5. Intra canal medicaments
  6. Temporisation
  7. Obturation
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18
Q

What are the main functions of rubber fam in Endodontics treatment

A
  1. Protection of the airway
  2. Protection from irrigants
  3. Prevention of contamination
  4. Improved access and visualisation
  5. Patient comfort
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19
Q

What should we ensure regarding the condition of th tooth before starting Endodontics treatment

A

Ensure that the tooth is free of caries and that any defection restoration are removed so that a sound coronal restoration can be placed

20
Q

Before starting Endodontics treatment what should we take

A

A pre op periapical

21
Q

What show a pre op periapical show

A

It should:
1. project the tooth as near to its natural size as possible
2. Show the full roots
3. Show approx 2-3mm of the periodical tissues

22
Q

What should you look for when reading a radiograph?

A
  1. Number of roots
  2. Number of canals
  3. Morphology of roots/canals
  4. Extent of current restoration
  5. Presence of caries
  6. Presence of canal sclerosis/ pulp stones/ previous RCT/ fractured instruments
23
Q

What is the aim when ganging coronal access

A

To remove the roof of the pulp chamber allowing the removal of the coronal pulp

24
Q

What is a successful root canal treatment dependant on

A

Thorough cleaning and shaping of the root canal system and placement of adequate 3d root canal filling

25
What is the aim of cleaning and shaping the canals
Aims to remove as many bacteria as possible without compromising the strength of go the tooth and allowing for adequate filling or obturation
26
What does preparation of root canals involve
Mechanical cleaning and shaping with files and chemical disinfection of the canal system
27
What is the preparation of the root canals called?
It is known as chemomechanical preparation
28
What is used to carry out mechanical preparation
1. Files 2. Gates glidden burrs 3. Hand files 4. Rotary files 5. K files
29
What are gates glidden burrs used to do
Can be used in the straight coronal portion of the canal to produce a smooth and gentle taper
30
What is the aim of coronal preparation
It aims to remove the most heavily infected tissue and prevents bacteria being carried apically Also gives improved access to the apical part of the canal
31
When carrying out coronal preparation what should we be constantly be doing
Copious irrigation
32
Following apical prep what do we do
Coronal prep with k files
33
What are k files
Stainless tell files with a standard taper
34
What are K files sized according to?
They are sized according to their diameter at the tip in 1/100ths of a mm (this means a 10 file has a diameter of 0.01mm at the tip)
35
Give some ideal qualities a goodendodontic irrigant
1. Needs to destroy micro organisms 2. Dissolves organic matter 3. Wets the canals (lubrication) 4. Removes debris by flushing 5. Biocompatible
36
Name the most commonly used dental irritant
Sodium hypochlorite
37
What do we place in the canals between appts
Intra canal medicaments
38
What are the requirements for an intra canal medicament
1. antibacterial 2. Aids periapical healing 3. Therapeutic 4. Anti inflammatory 5. Long lasting 6. Non irritant 7. Easy to use and remove 8. Cheap
39
When might you need to use an intra canal medicament?
1. If there's persistent infection 2. If pt becomes symptomatic 3. If you're bale to dry prepared canals 4. Prep is incomplete 5. Insuffienct time to obturate
40
Why do we use calcium hydroxide paste
1. Long lasting bactericidal action 2. Aids repair 3. Apexification 4. Dissolves organic debris 5. Easy too use 6. Relatively easy to remove
41
What is the aim of temporisation
1. Seal the tooth 2. Restores function 3, Prevents over eruption/ drifting 4. Restores aesthetics
42
Name soem materials that can used during temporisation
1. Kalzinol (zincoxide eugenol), 2. glass ionomer, 3. polycarboxylate cement, 4. intermediate restorative material 5. composite
43
What do you need to do to the temporary restoration to ensure re access is easier?
A pleglet of cotton wool is placed into the pulp chamber before the temporary restoration is placed into the access cavity
44
What is the aim of obturation
To provide a 3D seal fo the canal system to prevent micro organisms from entering and reinfecting the canal system
45
What do we use to obturate th ecnalas
Cones of Gutta percha
46
What are cones fo GP
Natural rubber materials combined with zinc oxide and radio opaquers
47
Describe the properties of GP
It has has visco-elastic properties and can be softened by heat or solvents

5th yr- Finals- CSA revision (19 decks)

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