Endocrinology

Question 1

Hormones

Answer 1

Signaling molecules that are secreted into the extracellular fluid, circulate in the bloodstream and communicate regulatory messages throughout the body.

Question 2

Endocrine system

Answer 2

1 of the 2 basic systems for communication and regulation in the animal body.
2=nervous system

Question 3

4 types of endocrine signaling

Answer 3

•endocrine signaling
🔺secreted molecules diffuse into blood stream and trigger responses in target cells anywhere in the body

•paracrine signaling
🔺secreted molecules diffuse locally(not in bloodstream) and trigger response in neighboring cells.

•autocrine signaling
🔺Secreted molecules diffuse locally and trigger a response in the cells that secrete them.

•synaptic signaling
🔺Neurotransmitters diffuse across synapses and trigger responses in cells of target tissues.

•neuroendocrine signaling
🔺Neurohormones diffuse into bloodstream and trigger responses in target cells anywhere in the body.

Question 4

Paracrine & Autocrine signaling

Answer 4

🔺signaling where cells produce and secrete local regulators.

~Local regulator~ molecules that act over short distances and reach their target cells solely by diffusion.

Question 5

Examples of local regulators

Answer 5

Cytokines- enable communication between immune cells

Growth factors-promote growth, division and development of many cells.