Disorders of the Urinary System Flashcards
Incontinence
Inability to control urination
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.
Can contribute towards chronic renal failure
Cystitis
Urinary bladder infection
(More common in females)
-urethra=shorter
-anus=closer to urethra
Pyelonephritis
Complicated urinary tract infection.
(Starts as a bladder infection then spreads to both kidneys)
Can be acute or chronic
Polycystic kidney disease
Enlargement of kidneys as a result of presence of many cysts within them.
(Slow progressive disease?
Nocturnal enuresis
Inability to control urination at night during sleep.
Bed wetting
Colorless urine
Long-term kidney disease
Uncontrolled diabetes
Dilute
Deep yellow urine
Concentrated
Dark yellow urine
Low fluid intake
Dehydration
Bright yellow
Vitamin B supplements
Increased turbidity
- increased cells(RBC, WBC)
- numerous crystals
- bacteria
- lipiduria(lipids rise to surface)
- mucus
- semen
- fecal contamination
Foul odor urine
Infection with E.coli bacteria.
Sweets, fruity odor urine
Diabetes
Starvation
Maple syrup odor
Maple syrup urine disease
Body unable to break down certain amino acids
Leukocytes presence
Renal disease
Urinary tract infection
Nitrite
Urinary tract infection
Urobilinogen(excess)
- liver abnormalities
- excessive destruction of RBC’s.
**should be considered alongside bilirubin as a differential diagnosis
Protein
- Renal disease
- raised BP
- UTI
pH>7
Stale urine, unsuitable for testing
Blood
- renal disease
- urological disease
- renal tract infection
Specific gravity
1.005-1.035
***Monitors [] and diluting power of kidney.assists in interpretation of other tests.
Low:
•use of diuretics
•severe kidney disease
•consuming excess amount of liquid
High:
•low liquid consumption
Ketone
- uncontrolled diabetes
* reduced carbohydrate diet
Bilirubin
•Hepatic or bilary disease
***appears in urine before other signs are apparent
Glucose
•Diabetes Mellitus
