Disorders of the Urinary System

Question 1

Incontinence

Answer 1

Inability to control urination

Question 2

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.

Can contribute towards chronic renal failure

Question 3

Cystitis

Answer 3

Urinary bladder infection
(More common in females)
-urethra=shorter
-anus=closer to urethra

Question 4

Pyelonephritis

Answer 4

Complicated urinary tract infection.
(Starts as a bladder infection then spreads to both kidneys)
Can be acute or chronic

Question 5

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer 5

Enlargement of kidneys as a result of presence of many cysts within them.

(Slow progressive disease?

Question 6

Nocturnal enuresis

Answer 6

Inability to control urination at night during sleep.

Bed wetting

Question 7

Colorless urine

Answer 7

Long-term kidney disease
Uncontrolled diabetes
Dilute

Question 8

Deep yellow urine

Answer 8

Concentrated

Question 9

Dark yellow urine

Answer 9

Low fluid intake

Dehydration

Question 10

Bright yellow

Answer 10

Vitamin B supplements

Question 11

Increased turbidity

Answer 11

• increased cells(RBC, WBC)
• numerous crystals
• bacteria
• lipiduria(lipids rise to surface)
• mucus
• semen
• fecal contamination

Question 12

Foul odor urine

Answer 12

Infection with E.coli bacteria.

Question 13

Sweets, fruity odor urine

Answer 13

Diabetes

Starvation

Question 14

Maple syrup odor

Answer 14

Maple syrup urine disease

Body unable to break down certain amino acids

Question 15

Leukocytes presence

Answer 15

Renal disease

Urinary tract infection

Question 16

Nitrite

Answer 16

Urinary tract infection

Question 17

Urobilinogen(excess)

Answer 17

• liver abnormalities
• excessive destruction of RBC’s.

**should be considered alongside bilirubin as a differential diagnosis

Question 18

Protein

Answer 18

• Renal disease
• raised BP
• UTI

Question 19

pH>7

Answer 19

Stale urine, unsuitable for testing

Question 20

Blood

Answer 20

• renal disease
• urological disease
• renal tract infection

Question 21

Specific gravity

1.005-1.035

Answer 21

***Monitors [] and diluting power of kidney.assists in interpretation of other tests.

Low:
•use of diuretics
•severe kidney disease
•consuming excess amount of liquid

High:
•low liquid consumption

Question 22

Ketone

Answer 22

• uncontrolled diabetes

* reduced carbohydrate diet

Question 23

Bilirubin

Answer 23

•Hepatic or bilary disease

***appears in urine before other signs are apparent

Question 24

Glucose

Answer 24

•Diabetes Mellitus