Endocrinology Flashcards

0
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Ischemia of the pituitary due to volume depletion during or after childbirth.

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1
Q

What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

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2
Q

How do glitazones work?

A

They improve insulin sensitivity.

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3
Q

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

A

Prolactinoma

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4
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of which hormone?

A

Vasopressin

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5
Q

What medication might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A

Methimazole are propylthiouracil (PTU).

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6
Q

What is included in Whipple’s triad of hypoglycemia?

A

History of previous hypoglycemia, serum glucose of <40, immediate recovery upon administration of glucose.

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7
Q

What is Chvostek’s sign?

A

Tap on a facial nerve and get a twitch with low Ca.

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Single parathyroid adenoma in 80% of cases.

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9
Q

Cushing’s

A

Incr cortisol: moon face, buffalo hump, HTN, decr K+. osteoporosis
Dz: pit.adenoma->incr ACTH->cort
Adrenal tumor-> cort

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10
Q

List two ectopic tumors that may produce ACTH and give a patient Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Small cell lung cancer, pancreatic islet cells, thymomas.

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11
Q

What is the test to begin with if you suspect pheochromocytoma?

A

24 hour urine for catecholamines.

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12
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

< 70
60 symptoms begin
50 mental problems and LOC

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13
Q

Name 6 hormones that are released from the anterior pituitary:

A

ATCH, GH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL

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14
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is released from the anterior pituitary. It stimulates increased production and release of corticosteroids by the adrenal glands

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15
Q

What does LH do?

A

Luteinizing hormone is released from the anterior pituitary. It stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum as well as production of testosterone.

16
Q

What 2 hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

A

The hypothalamus produces these two hormones which are stored and released from the posterior pituitary:
ADA (vasopressin) which increases water absorption in the kidneys and oxytocin which increases uterine contractions

17
Q

Describe Addison’s disease

A
Primary adrenal insufficiency (cortisol) most frequently autoimmune destruction of the adrenals- hypotension, weakness, fatigability, anorexia, wt. loss, N/V/D, abd. pain, muscle/joint pain
Elevated ACTH (-> hyperpigmentation), potassium, calcium, BUN
Low cortisol, sodium
18
Q

What is the first line medical treatment for a pheochromocytoma?

A

Alpha blocker. You should never use a pure beta blocker.

19
Q

What medication might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A

Methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU)

20
Q

What is Cushing disease?

A

Cushing disease is Cushing syndrome that results from excess pituitary production of ACTH, usually secondary to a pituitary adenoma.