Cardiology Flashcards
An opening snap on auscultation of the heart should make you think of what diagnosis?
Mitral stenosis
I fixed or consistent split S2 should make you think of what diagnosis?
Atrial septal defect
What are the three major criteria for endocarditis?
2 positive blood cultures, a positive transesophageal echocardiography, new murmur.
Which are painful and found on the fingers and toes, Osler nodes or Janeway lesions?
Ostler nodes
List the four minor criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.
Fever, embolic event (Janeway lesions or petechiae, splinter hemorrhages), immunologic event (osler nodes, glomerulonephritis), 1 positive blood culture
What are the five components of Tetralogy of Fallot?
Ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular outflow obstruction (pulmonary valve stenosis), overriding aorta, right sided aortic arch
Define paradoxical pulse
Systolic pressure drop greater than 10 mmHg with inspiration. Seen in Tamponade, constrictive pericarditis
Define pulsus alternans
Alternating pulse: a pulse in which there is a regular alternation of weak and strong beats without changes in cycle length- EKG finding in pericardial effusion & tamponade
On physical exam you hear a harsh systolic murmur along the right sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Aortic stenosis
A wide pulse pressure with blowing diastolic decrescendo murmur at the right 2nd intercostal space should make you think of what diagnosis?
Aortic regurgitation
Where is disease of the pulmonary valve best heard?
2nd left intercostal space
Name two things that would constitute a positive stress test
A drop in blood pressure, a new arrhythmia, an increase in angina symptoms, ST depressions
A blockage of which artery causes a lateral wall MI?
Left circumflex artery
AV block can be precipitated by…
Hyperkalemia, Lyme disease, MI, lithium
What is represented by ST segment depressions greater than 1mm on EKG?
Ischemia
Where is disease of the mitral valve best heard?
At the apex
A biphasic P wave should make you think of what diagnosis?
Left atrial enlargement
List the components of Virchow’s triad
Stasis, vascular injury, hypercoagulability
Where is disease of the tricuspid valve best heard?
Along the left lower sternal border.
What is the most common congenital heart disease?
Ventricular septal defect
An RSR prime leads V1 or V2 should make you think of what diagnosis?
Right bundle branch block
A blockage of which artery causes an anterior wall MI?
Left anterior descending artery
Giant cell arteritis is associated with what other disease?
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Name a common cause of junctional rhythm
Digitoxin toxicity
