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PANRE > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

0
Q

An opening snap on auscultation of the heart should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Mitral stenosis

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1
Q

I fixed or consistent split S2 should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Atrial septal defect

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2
Q

What are the three major criteria for endocarditis?

A

2 positive blood cultures, a positive transesophageal echocardiography, new murmur.

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3
Q

Which are painful and found on the fingers and toes, Osler nodes or Janeway lesions?

A

Ostler nodes

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4
Q

List the four minor criteria for diagnosing endocarditis.

A

Fever, embolic event (Janeway lesions or petechiae, splinter hemorrhages), immunologic event (osler nodes, glomerulonephritis), 1 positive blood culture

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5
Q

What are the five components of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular outflow obstruction (pulmonary valve stenosis), overriding aorta, right sided aortic arch

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6
Q

Define paradoxical pulse

A

Systolic pressure drop greater than 10 mmHg with inspiration. Seen in Tamponade, constrictive pericarditis

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7
Q

Define pulsus alternans

A

Alternating pulse: a pulse in which there is a regular alternation of weak and strong beats without changes in cycle length- EKG finding in pericardial effusion & tamponade

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8
Q

On physical exam you hear a harsh systolic murmur along the right sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Aortic stenosis

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9
Q

A wide pulse pressure with blowing diastolic decrescendo murmur at the right 2nd intercostal space should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Aortic regurgitation

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10
Q

Where is disease of the pulmonary valve best heard?

A

2nd left intercostal space

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11
Q

Name two things that would constitute a positive stress test

A

A drop in blood pressure, a new arrhythmia, an increase in angina symptoms, ST depressions

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12
Q

A blockage of which artery causes a lateral wall MI?

A

Left circumflex artery

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13
Q

AV block can be precipitated by…

A

Hyperkalemia, Lyme disease, MI, lithium

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14
Q

What is represented by ST segment depressions greater than 1mm on EKG?

A

Ischemia

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15
Q

Where is disease of the mitral valve best heard?

A

At the apex

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16
Q

A biphasic P wave should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Left atrial enlargement

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17
Q

List the components of Virchow’s triad

A

Stasis, vascular injury, hypercoagulability

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18
Q

Where is disease of the tricuspid valve best heard?

A

Along the left lower sternal border.

19
Q

What is the most common congenital heart disease?

A

Ventricular septal defect

20
Q

An RSR prime leads V1 or V2 should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Right bundle branch block

21
Q

A blockage of which artery causes an anterior wall MI?

A

Left anterior descending artery

22
Q

Giant cell arteritis is associated with what other disease?

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

23
Q

Name a common cause of junctional rhythm

A

Digitoxin toxicity

24
Q

Tall peaked T waves should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Hyperkalemia

25
Q

How do you define 1st degree AV block?

A

The PR interval is longer than 0.2 seconds or one block on EKG.

26
Q

What’s the other term for Mobitz type I?

A

Wenckebach

27
Q

What is the treatment for a patient with a Mobitz II AV block?

A

Pacemaker

28
Q

An RSR prime in leads V5 or V6 should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Left bundle branch block

29
Q

Tall peaked P waves should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Right atrial enlargement

30
Q

Where is my murmur of tricuspid regurgitation heard?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation is associated with a holosystolic soft murmur heard best at the left sternal border and the intensity may increase with inspiration.

31
Q

What is the first line medication for a patient with symptomatic bradycardia?

A

Atropine

32
Q

Which EKG leads are used to diagnose an anterolateral MI?

A

V5 and V6

33
Q

What is the first medication you should give for atrial flutter?

A

Adenosine

34
Q

Name one aldosterone antagonist.

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

35
Q

A U wave on EKG should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Hypokalemia

36
Q

ST depression of 1 mm on exercise EKG is positive for..

A

Angina (ischemia)

37
Q

Horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression usually indicates:

A

Ischemia

38
Q

A pansystolic blowing murmur at the apex and radiating to the axilla is associated with…

A

Mitral regurgitation

39
Q

A midsystolic click is associated with..

A

Mitral valve prolapse, likely a thin female.

40
Q

MC cause of mitral regurge is..

A

Mitral valve prolapse

41
Q

Opening snap following S2 is associated with..

A

Mitral valve stenosis

42
Q

Define P-R interval.

A

From beginning of P wave to beginning of R wave, 3-5 small boxes. If over .2 seconds (5 small boxes or 1 large box) then is 1st degree AV block

43
Q

Define second degree AV block and what are 2 types?

A

Some signals get sent through from the SA node to the Ventricles

Second Degree Type 1: Also known as Mobitz type 1 or Wenckebach
Longer and longer PR intervals until one is signal is dropped
May be benign

Second Degree Type 2: Also known as Mobitz 2
Intermittent dropped impulse without lengthening PR intervals
Requires pacing
2:1 AV block = Two p waves for every qrs wave

44
Q

How long after the onset of myocardial infarction before cardiac troponin I and CK-MB levels elevate?

A

3 to 12 hours

45
Q

What normally happens to systolic BP during inspiration?

A

Usually drops 10mm w/ pulsus paradoxus (paradoxical pulse) in cardiac tamponade, pericarditis and obstructive lung dz (asthma, COPD)

46
Q

Name one aldosterone antagonist.

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

PANRE (16 decks)

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