Endocrinology 12 & 13

Question 1

What happens when there is Vitamin D Deficiency, and what are its causes

Answer 1

pg 1

Question 2

Describe how calcitriol is formed an it’s role on calcium metabolism

Answer 2

pg 3

Question 3

Give an Overview on Calcium Storage

Answer 3

pg 9

Question 4

What are the treatment options for paget’s disease

Answer 4

pg 8

Question 5

Explain the interaction between PTH and vitamin D in calcium homeostasis

Answer 5

pg 9

Question 6

Explain how vitamin D deficiency can be diagnosed

Answer 6

pg 4

Question 7

Describe the treatment for OSTEITIS FIBROSA CYSTICA (HYPERPARATHYROID BONE DISEASE)

Answer 7

pg 6

Question 8

Explain what happens in paget’s disease and how it can be diagnosed(extra)

Answer 8

pg 8

Question 9

Explain what happens when there is vitamin D excess

Answer 9

pg 6

Question 10

Explain the causes of Vitamin D Deficiency

Answer 10

pg 1

Question 11

Describe the regulation of PTH secreation via calcium

Answer 11

pg 10

Question 12

Explain link between renal failure and bone disease

Answer 12

pg 5

Question 13

Explain the effects of calcitriol

Answer 13

pg 1

Question 14

Descibe the principlaes of phosphate regulation

Answer 14

pg 5

Question 15

Explain the causes of Vitamin D Deficiency on the bone

Question 16

Recall the normal calcium ranges and describe the signs and symptoms for hypocalcaemia

Answer 16

pg 11

Question 17

List the causes of hypocalcaemia

Answer 17

pg 12

Question 18

Describe the signs and symptoms of hypercalcaemia

Answer 18

pg 12

Question 19

Describe the causes of hyprcalcaemia

Answer 19

pg 13

Question 20

Explain the Diagnostic Approach to Hypercalcaemia

Answer 20

pg 14

Question 21

Compare primary hyperparathyroidism to secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 21

pg 14

Question 22

Explain basic principles behind vitamin D deficiency treatment

Answer 22

pg 14

Question 23

Describe the processes of bone formation and turnover(might be extra)

Question 24

Influence of osteoblast in oteoclast differetiation

Question 25

_Explain what osteoporosis is_

Question 26

_How is BMD measured_

Question 27

_Compare osteoporosis to osteomalacia_

Question 28

_Describe the predisposing conditions to osteoporosis_

Question 29

* _Explain the mechanisms for_ Oestrogen/Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators _in osteoporosis. Explain any advantages and disadvantages to their use_

Question 30

* _Explain the mechanisms for_ _bisphosphonates_ _in osteoporosis. Give details of other disorders they are used for, their pharmacokinetics and their side-effects_

Question 31

_Explain mechanisms of action for **Denusomab, Teriparatide and strontium ranelate. How is Denusomab and Teriparatide administered**_