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Anatomy > endocrine system test review > Flashcards

endocrine system test review Flashcards

1
Q

what endocrine structures are found in the brain?

A

hypothalamus, pineal gland, and the pituitary gland.

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2
Q

prolactin

A

stimulates milk production.

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3
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (HCTH)

A

regulates endocrine activity in the cortex of the adrenal gland.

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4
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone.

A

stimulates thyroid growth and activity.

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5
Q

growth hormone

A

stimulates cell growth.

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6
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

stimulates follicle development in the ovaries and sperm production in males.

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7
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates testosterone, progesterone and estrogen production.

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8
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates powerful contractions during labor of uterine muscles, and causes milk ejection.

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9
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water and decreased urine output while increasing blood volume.

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10
Q

Thyroid Hormone

A

Controls the rate at which glucose is burned and is
important for normal tissue growth and development.

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11
Q

calcitonin

A

Decreases blood calcium levels by storing excess calcium in bone.

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12
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Stimulates bone deconstruction cells to break down bone matrix and release calcium into the blood.

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13
Q

Mineralocorticoids
Ex: Aldosterone

A

Regulate mineral (salt) content of blood, particularly sodium and potassium.

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14
Q

Glucocorticoids
Ex: Cortisol

A

Promote normal cell metabolism,
Convert fats and proteins into glucose, and
Reduce pain and swelling.

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15
Q

Epinephrine

A

Increase heart rate, blood glucose levels, and
Dilate small passageways to the lungs.

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16
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Increase heart rate, blood glucose levels, and
Dilate small passageways to the lungs.

17
Q

Insulin

A

Removes excess glucose from blood and
stores glucose as glycogen in the liver.

18
Q

Glucagon

A

Breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into the blood.

19
Q

Melatonin

A

Regulates the day/night cycle, and
prevents sexual maturity until adult body size has been reached.

20
Q

Thymosin

A

Stimulates the production of T lymphocytes. Important for immunity.

21
Q

Estrogens

A

Stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females, and Prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg.it is also responsible for maintain pregnancy, and prepares the breasts to produce milk. It Regulates the menstrual cycle,
Memory, emotion and higher-order thinking (males and females).

22
Q

Progesterone

A

Reduces contractions of the uterus during pregnancy, prepare breasts to produce milk, and
Regulates the menstrual cycle.

23
Q

Testosterone

A

Sperm production, and stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics (males), as well as supporting cognition and promotes a sense of wellbeing (males and females).

24
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A

Stimulates the ovaries to continue to produce estrogen and progesterone so the endometrium of the uterus stays intact during pregnancy as well as allowing access to fat reserves.

25
Q

Gastrin

A

causes the release of hcl.

26
Q

intestinal gastrin

A

inhibits the release of hcl.

27
Q

Secretin

A

Causes liver to secrete bile and pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice, and Inhibits the stomach from secreting digestive enzymes.

28
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

Slows down the emptying of food from the stomach, and stimulates the production of bile in the liver and causes the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine.

29
Q

Leptin

A

Suppresses appetite.

30
Q

why does the thymosin gland reduce in size with age?

A
31
Q

what structures and hormones are involved in the ovulation process?

A

1.Hypothalamus
2.releasing hormone
3.anterior pituitary
4.luteinizing hormone
5.ovaries
6.estrogen
7.Ovulation

32
Q

what is the deference between negative feedback and positive feedback?

A

negative feedback is used to maintain homeostasis (EX.homeostasis) while positive feedback is not. (EX. a fever).

33
Q

What structure tells the anterior pituitary gland to release the follicle stimulating hormone?
What hormone was used to give it that instruction?
What structure will be affected by the follicle stimulating hormone?

A

(GnRH) releasing hormone, stimulates the release of the follicle stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland which effects the ovaries. The hypothalamus releases the GnRH.

34
Q

what gland and hormone are responsible for sleep cycle regulation?

A

Melatonin which is produced in the pineal gland.

35
Q

what three endocrine structures are found in the brain?

A

Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain. (closer to the front, above the pituitary gland)
Pineal gland: This gland is located in the middle of the brain.
Pituitary gland: This gland is located below the brain.

Anatomy (7 decks)

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