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AP2 > Endocrine system pt 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine system pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Concentrations of circulating hormone reflect:

A
  • Rate of release
  • Speed of inactivation and removal from the body
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2
Q

Hormones are removed from the blood by:

A
  • Degrading enzymes => in blood/plasma
  • The kidneys => to the urine
  • Liver enzyme systems
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3
Q

What controlled by negative feedback systems and Vary only within a narrow desirable range

A

The Blood levels of hormones

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4
Q

Hormones are synthesized and released in response
to

(HNH)

A
  • Humoral stimuli – blood level of ions like Ca++,sodium,
    glucose, insulin
  • Neural stimuli – directly by nerve fibers
    –epinephrine/norepinephrine (remember flight or fight?)
  • Hormonal stimuli – by other hormones (hypothalamus
    hormones regulate anterior pituitary) FSH and LH levels
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5
Q

________? Provides highest level of endocrine function by integrating nervous and endocrine systems

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

Synthesized by the supraoptic nuclei

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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7
Q

Synthesized by the paraventricular nuclei

A

Oxytocin (OXT)

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8
Q

Secretes _______ that control anterior pituitary gland endocrine cells

A

regulatory hormones

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9
Q

_______: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH)
* Regulate the function of the ovaries and testes

A

Gonadotropins

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10
Q

_____– promote estrogen/progesterone production
impacting uterus, testosterone production impacting male characteristics

A

LH ACCESSORY function

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11
Q
  • Absent from the blood in prepubertal boys and girls
  • Triggered by the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
    during and after puberty
A

Gonadotropins

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12
Q

LH works with FSH to cause
maturation of the ovarian
follicle

A

Gonadotropins
* In females

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13
Q

LH works alone to trigger.
ovulation (expulsion of the
egg from the follicle)

A

Gonadotropins
* In females

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14
Q

LH promotes synthesis and
release of estrogens and
progesterone

A

Gonadotropins
* In females

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15
Q

LH stimulates interstitial
cells of the testes to produce
testosterone

A

Functions of Gonadotropins
* In males

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16
Q

LH is also referred to as
interstitial cell-stimulating
hormone (ICSH)

A

Functions of Gonadotropins
* In males

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17
Q

Receives, stores, and releases hormones from the hypothalamus

A

Neurohypophysis – posterior lobe (neural tissue) and
the infundibulum

18
Q

_____: two-lobed organ that secretes nine
major hormones

A

Pituitary gland

19
Q

Synthesizes and secretes a number of hormones

A

Adenohypophysis – anterior lobe, made up of glandular tissue

20
Q

Triggered by hypothalamic peptide
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

20
Q

Stimulates the normal development and
secretory activity of the _____

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

21
Q

Rising blood levels of thyroid hormones
act on the pituitary and hypothalamus to
block the release of TSH

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

22
Q

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids (cortisol,
aldosterone)

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(Corticotropin)

23
Q

Triggered by hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in
a daily rhythm

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(Corticotropin)

24
Q

“Corti” sugar releasing hormones and aldosterone (salt hormone)

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(Corticotropin)

25
Q

GH is usually caused
by anterior pituitary tumor
* In children results in gigantism
* Can reach heights of 8 feet
* In adults results in acromegaly
* Overgrowth of hands, feet, and
face

A

Hypersecretion

26
Q

GH
* In children results in pituitary
dwarfism
* May reach height of only 4 feet
* In adults usually causes no problems

A

Hyposecretion

27
Q
  • In females, stimulates milk production by the breasts
  • Triggered by the hypothalamic prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
A

Prolactin (PRL)

28
Q
  • Inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
  • Blood levels rise toward the end of pregnancy
  • Suckling stimulates PRH release and encourages continued milk
    production
A

Prolactin (PRL)

29
Q
  • Posterior pituitary – made of axons of hypothalamic neurons, stores antidiuretic
    hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
  • ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus
  • ADH influences water balance
A

The Posterior Pituitary Hormones

30
Q

____ is a strong stimulant of
uterine contraction – also have
synthetic version to induce labor

A

Oxytocin

31
Q

Regulated by a positive feedback
mechanism to ____ in the blood -
increased intensity of uterine
contractions, ending in birth

A

Oxytocin

32
Q

helps to avoid dehydration or water overload
* Prevents urine formation => helps retain body water because
Greek diourein “to urinate,“
* Osmoreceptors monitor the solute concentration of the
blood

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

33
Q

Not enough ADH due to damage to hypothalamus or posterior
pituitary

A

Diabetes insipidus

34
Q

What are the two forms of Thyroid Hormone TH

A
  • T4 (thyroxine): major form that
    consists of two tyrosine
    molecules with four bound
    iodine atoms
  • T3 (triiodothyronine): form that
    has two tyrosines with three
    bound iodine atoms
35
Q

produced by the parafollicular, or C, cells of the thyroid
gland

A

A peptide hormone

36
Q

made in thyroid

A

Calcitonin

37
Q

is an autoimmune disease that
attacks the thyroid gland and causes hypothyroidism. Goiter is also present in this
disease

A

Hashimoto’s

38
Q

TH in adults can lead to myxedema
Symptoms include low metabolic rate, thick and/or dry
skin, puffy eyes, feeling chilled, constipation, edema,
mental sluggishness, lethargy

A

Hyposecretion

39
Q

most common
type is Graves’ disease

A

Hypersecretion of TH

40
Q

_____ body makes
abnormal antibodies directed
against thyroid follicular cells

A

Autoimmune disease

41
Q
  • Tiny glands embedded in the
    posterior aspect of the thyroid
  • Cells are arranged in cords
    containing oxyphil and chief cells
A

Parathyroid Glands

AP2 (11 decks)

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