Endocrine System (Hypothalamus/Postior And Anterior Pituitary Gland)

Question 1

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 1

• The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the neural tissue of the hypothalamus
  
  • they are connected

Question 2

What neurohormones pass through the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 2

-vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

Question 3

Where is the neurohormone, vasopressin stored?

Answer 3

• posterior pituitary gland

- used in mammary glands and uterus

Question 4

Where is the neurohormone, oxytocin stored

Answer 4

• posterior pituitary

- used in kidneys

Question 5

What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 5

-not connected directly but through hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal sysetem (portal veins)

Question 6

Dopamine pathway to targets

Answer 6

Dopamine (hypothalamic)
->
Prolactin (anterior pituitary)
->
Breast (nonendocrine target)

Question 7

TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone) pathway to target

Answer 7

TRH (hypothalamic hormone
->
TSH/thyroid stimulating hormone(anterior pituitary)
->
Thyroid gland, thyroid hormones (endocrine target and hormones)
->
Many tissues ( nonendocrine target)

Question 8

CRH/corticotropin releasing hormone pathway to target

Answer 8

CRH (hypothalamic)
->
ACTH/adreno-corticotropic hormone (anterior pituitary)
->
Adrenal cortex, cortisol (endocrine targets and hormones)
->
many tissues (nonendocrine targets)

Question 9

GHRH/growth hormone releasing hormone (stimulates)

Somatostatin (inhibits)

Pathways to target

Answer 9

GHRH or Somatostatin (hypothalamic)
->
GH/growth hormone (anterior pituitary)
->
Liver, insulin like growth factors (endocrine glands and hormones)
->
Many tissues (nonendocrine argots)

Question 10

GnRH/Gonadtropin releasing hormone pathway to target

Answer 10

GnRH (hypothalamic)
->
FSH/follicle stimulating hormone 
Or
LH/ luteinizing hormone
(Anterior pituitary)
->
Endocrine cells of the gonads, Androgens, estrogens/progesterone ( endocrine targets and hormones)
->
Many tissues 
Or germ cells of the gonads 
(Nonendocrine targets)