Endocrine System Hormones Flashcards
What is TRH and what does it stimulate and where?
Thyrotropin releasing-hormone and promotes TSH secretion in the anterior pituitary gland
What is CRH, and what and where does it stimulate?
corticotrophin releasing hormone - promotes ACTH secretion in the anterior pituitary
What is GnRH and what and where does it stimulate?
gonadotrophin-releasing hormone - promotes secretion of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary gland
What is PRH and what and where does it stimulate?
prolactin-releasing hormone and promotes secretion of PRL in the anterior pituitary gland
What is PIH and what and where does it stimulate?
prolactin inhibiting hormone - inhibits PRL secretion in the anterior pituitary gland
What is GHRH and what and where does it stimulate?
growth hormone releasing factor - promotes GH secretion in the anterior pituitary gland
What does somatostatin do?
Inhibits GH and TSH secretion in the anterior pituitary gland
What are the two hormones that travel hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract to the posterior pituitary gland?
oxcytocin and ADH
What is humoral release?
when hormones are released because of changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients
What is neural release?
nerve fibers stimulate hormone release
What is hormonal release?
glands release hormones in response to hormones from other glands
What are the endocrine glands?
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal
What is the neuroendocrine organ?
hypothalamus
What are the endocrine organs?
pancreas, gonads, thymus, and placenta
What are steroid hormones made of?
cholesterol
Which hormones are unbound?
amino acid based - hydrophilic
Which hormones are pound?
steroid - hydrophobic so they need protein transporters
Which type of hormones uses a second messenger system?
lipid insoluble or AA based hormones
Which hormone clears the fastest?
water soluble (AA)
Where is the hypophyseal portal system located and what does it do?
Anterior pituitary and is a network of capillaries that brings hormones from the hypothalamus
Where is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract and what does it do?
posterior pituitary gland and is bundles of nerves that come from the hypothalamus
What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
infundibulum
How many releasing and inhibiting hormones does the anterior pituitary have?
5 releasing and 2 inhibiting
What are the functions of thyroid hormones?
increase basal metabolic rate, regulates tissue growth and development, maintains BP by increasing # of adrenergic receptors in blood vessels
What does calcitocin do?
secrete calcium
What does parathyroid hormone do?
helps get calcium into blood when it is low
What does the adrenal medulla release?
epi and norepi
What does the renal cortex produce?
steroid hormones
What cells secrete glucagon?
alpha cells
What secretes insulin?
beta cells
What is somatostatin?
hormone secreted by delta cells after eating
What hormones does the pineal gland produce?
serotonin and melatonin
What do the hormones of the thymus do?
regulate development and activation of WBCs
What is acromegaly?
hyper-secretion of GH in adults
