Endocrine system

Question 1

Endocrine definition

Answer 1

Releases hormones into the blood to maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

Pathway of a hormone

Answer 2

Endocrine gland secretes a hormone.
Travels in the bloodstream.
Binds to receptor on the target organ.
Change takes place.

Question 3

Pituitary gland

Answer 3

The master gland because it secretes multiple hormones and also stimulate the release of other hormones. For example FSH stimulates the release of oestrogen.

Question 4

Anterior lobe

Answer 4

Part of the pituitary gland. Receives signals from the hypothalamus and in response synthesizes and secretes seven hormones.

Question 5

Posterior lobe

Answer 5

Doesn’t produce any hormones but stores and secretes two hormones made by the hypothalamus.

Question 6

Endocrine gland

Answer 6

Secretes hormomes

Question 7

Exocrine gland

Answer 7

Secretes chemicals

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

Dual organ (endo/exocrine gland) secreting the hormone insulin and glucagon. It maintains blood glucose levels within the blood which is controlled by the hypothalamus.

Question 9

Islets of langerhans

Answer 9

Contains beta cells that produce insulin and alpha cells that produce glucagon.

Question 10

Glycogenolysis

Answer 10

Glycogen converted back to glucose by the hormone glucagon.

Question 11

Glycogenesis

Answer 11

Formation of glycogen from glucose stimulated by the hormone insulin.

Question 12

High blood sugar levels

Answer 12

It is detected by beta cells which produce insulin. This causes glucose to be converted to glycogen and stored in the muscle or liver. Blood glucose levels then reduce to the normal levels.

Question 13

Low blood glucose levels

Answer 13

It is detected by alpha cells which produce glucagon. This leads to stored glycogen in the muscle and liver to be converted back to glucose and released into the blood to raise the levels.