Cardiovascular

Question 1

Blood vessels list

Answer 1

Arteries
Arterioles 
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

Question 2

Capillaries

Answer 2

Small lumen and one cell thick wall. Blood moves slower through the capillaries so substance exchange can take place. Waste products enter the blood to be excreted from the body via the kidneys and the cells receive nutrients and oxygen. Some molecules are forced out the blood due to the permeability of the capillaries and pressure is high due to the small pathway leading to pressure filtrate. The pressure filtrate region the capillary again or move into the lymphatic system.

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

Transport blood quickly away from the heart at high pressures. The pressure is caused by the hearts muscular force and the pressure fluctuates with the ventricle contraction. The walls are very thick and contain elastic fibres to withstand the high pressures. A pulse is generated when an artery is pressed against a hard surface like a bone.

Question 4

Veins

Answer 4

Large lumen and very low pressure. Blood can even stop moving. Pocket backed prevent back flow. Muscles are the blood vessel contract to help force the blood along.

Question 5

Sinoatrial node

Answer 5

In the right atria wall and initiates the heart cycle as the pacemaker. It sends an electrical impulse across the atria causing atria systole.

Question 6

Atrioventricular node

Answer 6

Received the impulse from the sinoatrial node. Located in the septum. The impulse moves along the septum in the bundles of His. The impulse then moved through the purkinje fibres at the base of the heart. This causes the ventricle to contact (ventricular systole).

Question 7

Diastole

Answer 7

The minimum atrial pressure when the heart is at rest and refilling.

Question 8

Systole

Answer 8

The highest atrial pressure when the heart is contracting.

Question 9

Vena cava

Answer 9

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through this vessel on the right side. The heart is in diastole.

Question 10

Pulmonary vein

Answer 10

Left side of the heart where oxygenated blood enters. The heart is in diastole.

Question 11

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 11

Bicuspid left valve and tricuspid right valve. They open when atria starts to get quite full. Heart is in atria systole.

Question 12

Semilunar valves

Answer 12

The valves as blood exists the heart. They open when the ventricle contract in ventricular systole.

Question 13

Pulmonary artery

Answer 13

Blood leaves the right side of the heart through this and is deoxygenated. Under ventricular systole.

Question 14

Aorta

Answer 14

Oxygenated blood is transported to the body through this vessel on the left side of the heart under ventricular systole.

Question 15

Myogenic

Answer 15

Muscle that insisted it’s own contractions .