Endocrine System Flashcards
3 types of hormones
Peptides
Steroid
Amino Acid Derivatives
Mnemonic for the hormones of pituitary gland?
FLAT PEG
FLAT is tropic
PEG is direct
2 types of glucocorticoid?
Cortisol and cortisone
Glucagon
Secreted during times of fasting
When glucose levels are low glucagon increases glucose production by triggering glycogenolysis, gluconeogensis and the degradation of protein and fat.
When blood glucose is high, glucagon release is inhibited
Inuslin
Anatagonistic to glucagon and is secreted when blood glucose levels are high. Induces muscle and liver cells to take up glucose and store it as glycogen for later use.
What does excess insulin cause?
Hypoglycemia–low blood glucose concentration
Polyuria
Increased urination frequency
Plydipsia
Increased thirst
Somatosatin
Inhibitor of both insulin and glucagon secretion. Produced in hypothalamus
What is released by the hypothalamus?
ADH and oxytocin
What is released by the thyroid gland?
Triiodothyronin and thyroxine
Calcitonin
What is released by the parathyroid glands
Parathyroid hormone, which increases blood Ca2+
What does the adrenal cortex release?
Cortisol and cortisone
Aldosterone
What does the adrenal medulla release?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What does the pancreas release?
Glucagon and Insulin
somatosatin
