Development Flashcards
Totipotent
Stem cells with the greatest potency. They can differentiate into any cell type, either in the fetus or in placental structures
Pluripotent
After some differentiation these cells can differentiate into any cell type except for those found in the placental structures
Multipotent
Can differentiate into multiple types of cells within a particular group.
What does the endoderm make up?
Pancreas Liver Thyroid Lung Bladder Urethra
What does the mesoderm make up?
Bone marrow
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
Heart and blood vessels
Kidney tubules
What does the ectoderm make up?
Skin Neurons Pituitary gland Eyes Ears
Autocrine signals
Act on the same cell that secreted the signal in the first place
Paracrine signals
Act on cells just in the local area
Juxtacrine signals
Do not usually involve diffuse, but involve a cell directly stimulating receptors of an adjacent cell
Endocrine signals
Involve secreting hormones that travel through the blood stream to a distant target tissue
Apoptosis vs Necrosis
Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs during development
Necrosis is a cell death that is a result of an injury
Senescence
Biological aging. Occurs at the cellular and organismal level as changes accumulate
What is determination
The commitment of a cell to a particular lineage
What is differentiation
The actual changes that occur in order for the cell to assume the structure and function fo the determined cell type.
