Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the control center for the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
What does the adenohypophysis produce?
ACTH GH MSH TSH FSH LH Prolactin
What does the neurohypophysis produce?
Oxytocin
ADH
What are the functions of oxytocin? (2)
Stimulate contractions in the uterus
Promotes milk secretion in mammary glands
What is the function of prolactin?
Promotes milk production in mammary glands
Hyposecretion of prolactin leads to =
Decreased milk production in nursing mothers
Hypersecretion of prolactin leads to =
Galactorrhea (excessive milk production in non-nursing mothers and men)
What are the functions of FSH and LH (in females)?
Promotes egg production and ovulation
Stimulates estrogen and progesterone production
What are the functions of FSH and LH (in males)?
Promotes sperm production
Stimulates testosterone production
Hyposecretion of FSH and LH =
Decreased reproductive capacity
What are the three thyroid hormones?
Calcitonin
T4
T3
What decreases blood calcium levels by taking it out of blood to build bones?
Calcitonin
What do T4 and T3 do?
Regulate metabolism
Hyposecretion of TSH =
Myxedema (slow metabolism)
What are four symptoms of myxedema?
Cold
Overweight
Fatigue
Face swelling
Hypersecretion of TSH =
Grave’s disease (increased metabolism)
What are four symptoms of Grave’s disease?
Low weight
Heart arrhythmia
Anxiety
Exopthalamus
Another word for bulging eyes
Exopthalamus
Hyposecretion of GH in children =
Pituitary dwarfism
Hypersecretion of GH in children =
Gigantism
Hypersecretion of GH in adults =
Acromegaly (enlargement of extremities)
What are the functions of ACTH?
Stimulate cortisol secretion
Help body handle stressful situations
Hypersecretion of ACTH (cortisol)
Cushing disease (fat distribution is altered)
What are five symptoms of cushing disease?
Weight gain Hair loss Slow healing Moon face Buffalo hump
What is the function of ADH?
Stimulates the increase in water reabsorption in nephrons
Hyposecretion of ADH =
Diabetes insipidus
What are three symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
Excess urine production
Dehydration
Electrolyte (salt) inbalances
Where is melatonin produced?
Pineal gland
What helps regulate metabolism?
Melatonin
What helps develop immune systems in children?
Thymus
What are two adrenal gland hormones (produced by adrenal cortex)?
Mineral corticoids
Glucocorticoids
What increases blood sodium levels in the body by increasing absorption by kidneys?
Mineral corticoids
Hypersecretion of mineral corticoids =
Aldosteronism (increase in blood pressure and low potassium levels)
Hyposecretion of mineral corticoids =
Addison’s disease
What are four symptoms of Addison’s disease?
Fatigue
Dizziness
Low blood pressure
Darkened skin
What regulates the metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats, as well as decreases inflammation?
Glucocorticoids
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids =
Cushing disease
What increases blood calcium levels by breaking down bone to get calcium?
Parathyroid hormones
What are two pancreatic hormones?
Glucagon
Insulin
What increases blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen?
Glucagon
What is the storage form of glucose?
Glycogen
Hyposecretion of glucagon =
Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose)
What decreases blood glucose by stimulating cells to take it up from the blood?
Insulin
Hyposecretion of insulin =
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (not enough insulin in body)
What results from no absorption of glucose because of the body attacking insulin producing cells?
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Hypersecretion of glucagon
Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)
What is the cause of diabetes mellitus type 2?
Cells in body do not respond to insulin
Poor food choices
Genetics
Why does diabetes mellitus type 2 happen?
Hyperglycemia
There is too much glucose in the body due to cells not responding as they should to the insulin
What are three symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia
Another word for excessive thirst
Polydipsia
Another word for excessive urination
Polyuria
Another word for excessive eating
Polyphagia
