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Medical Terminology Final > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the control center for the pituitary gland?

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

What does the adenohypophysis produce?

A 
ACTH
GH
MSH
TSH
FSH
LH
Prolactin
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3
Q

What does the neurohypophysis produce?

A

Oxytocin

ADH

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4
Q

What are the functions of oxytocin? (2)

A

Stimulate contractions in the uterus

Promotes milk secretion in mammary glands

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5
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Promotes milk production in mammary glands

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6
Q

Hyposecretion of prolactin leads to =

A

Decreased milk production in nursing mothers

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7
Q

Hypersecretion of prolactin leads to =

A

Galactorrhea (excessive milk production in non-nursing mothers and men)

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8
Q

What are the functions of FSH and LH (in females)?

A

Promotes egg production and ovulation

Stimulates estrogen and progesterone production

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9
Q

What are the functions of FSH and LH (in males)?

A

Promotes sperm production

Stimulates testosterone production

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10
Q

Hyposecretion of FSH and LH =

A

Decreased reproductive capacity

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11
Q

What are the three thyroid hormones?

A

Calcitonin
T4
T3

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12
Q

What decreases blood calcium levels by taking it out of blood to build bones?

A

Calcitonin

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13
Q

What do T4 and T3 do?

A

Regulate metabolism

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14
Q

Hyposecretion of TSH =

A

Myxedema (slow metabolism)

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15
Q

What are four symptoms of myxedema?

A

Cold
Overweight
Fatigue
Face swelling

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16
Q

Hypersecretion of TSH =

A

Grave’s disease (increased metabolism)

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17
Q

What are four symptoms of Grave’s disease?

A

Low weight
Heart arrhythmia
Anxiety
Exopthalamus

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18
Q

Another word for bulging eyes

A

Exopthalamus

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19
Q

Hyposecretion of GH in children =

A

Pituitary dwarfism

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20
Q

Hypersecretion of GH in children =

A

Gigantism

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21
Q

Hypersecretion of GH in adults =

A

Acromegaly (enlargement of extremities)

22
Q

What are the functions of ACTH?

A

Stimulate cortisol secretion

Help body handle stressful situations

23
Q

Hypersecretion of ACTH (cortisol)

A

Cushing disease (fat distribution is altered)

24
Q

What are five symptoms of cushing disease?

A 
Weight gain
Hair loss
Slow healing
Moon face
Buffalo hump
25
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

Stimulates the increase in water reabsorption in nephrons

26
Q

Hyposecretion of ADH =

A

Diabetes insipidus

27
Q

What are three symptoms of diabetes insipidus?

A

Excess urine production
Dehydration
Electrolyte (salt) inbalances

28
Q

Where is melatonin produced?

A

Pineal gland

29
Q

What helps regulate metabolism?

A

Melatonin

30
Q

What helps develop immune systems in children?

A

Thymus

31
Q

What are two adrenal gland hormones (produced by adrenal cortex)?

A

Mineral corticoids

Glucocorticoids

32
Q

What increases blood sodium levels in the body by increasing absorption by kidneys?

A

Mineral corticoids

33
Q

Hypersecretion of mineral corticoids =

A

Aldosteronism (increase in blood pressure and low potassium levels)

34
Q

Hyposecretion of mineral corticoids =

A

Addison’s disease

35
Q

What are four symptoms of Addison’s disease?

A

Fatigue
Dizziness
Low blood pressure
Darkened skin

36
Q

What regulates the metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats, as well as decreases inflammation?

A

Glucocorticoids

37
Q

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids =

A

Cushing disease

38
Q

What increases blood calcium levels by breaking down bone to get calcium?

A

Parathyroid hormones

39
Q

What are two pancreatic hormones?

A

Glucagon

Insulin

40
Q

What increases blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen?

A

Glucagon

41
Q

What is the storage form of glucose?

A

Glycogen

42
Q

Hyposecretion of glucagon =

A

Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose)

43
Q

What decreases blood glucose by stimulating cells to take it up from the blood?

A

Insulin

44
Q

Hyposecretion of insulin =

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (not enough insulin in body)

45
Q

What results from no absorption of glucose because of the body attacking insulin producing cells?

A

Diabetes mellitus type 1

46
Q

Hypersecretion of glucagon

A

Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)

47
Q

What is the cause of diabetes mellitus type 2?

A

Cells in body do not respond to insulin
Poor food choices
Genetics

48
Q

Why does diabetes mellitus type 2 happen?

A

Hyperglycemia

There is too much glucose in the body due to cells not responding as they should to the insulin

49
Q

What are three symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

A

Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polyphagia

50
Q

Another word for excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

51
Q

Another word for excessive urination

A

Polyuria

52
Q

Another word for excessive eating

A

Polyphagia

Medical Terminology Final (11 decks)

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