Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What brings blood into the right atrium?
Vena cavas
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary valve
What brings blood into the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
Valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Bicuspid valve
Valve between left ventricle and aorta
Aortic valve
Superficial layer of the heart
Epicardium
Muscle layer of the heart
Myocardium
Inner layer of the heart that is in contact with the blood
Endocardium
Inflammation of endocardium
Endocarditis
What occurs if strep throat is untreated?
Rheumatic fever
What is the cause of strep throat?
Streptococcus pyogens
What is the process of gas exchange in blood vessels?
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins
What is the process of blood flow in the heart?
Vena cavas R. atrium Tricuspid valve R. ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary arteries Lungs (alveoli) Pulmonary veins L. atrium bicuspid valve L. ventricle Aortic valve Aorta
What carries lymph?
Lymphatic vessels
Contains white blood cells and has an immune function
Lymph nodes
Liquid part of blood that contains proteins, ions, electrolytes, glucose, and mostly water
Plasma
What are the formed elements of blood?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Another name for white blood cells
Leukocytes
Another name for red blood cells
Erythrocytes
What clots the blood?
Platelets
What is normal blood pressure?
120/80 mmHg
What is the pressure on the walls of large arteries during ventricular contractions called?
Systole
What is the pressure reached in between ventricular contractions in large arteries?
Diastole
Another term for high blood pressure
Hypertension
Enlarged heart
Cardiomegaly
Build up of plaques in arteries
Atherosclerosis
Another name for plaques
Atheromas
Aorta narrowing
Aortostenosis
Hardening of arteries that decreases flexibility
Arteriosclerosis
What should your total cholesterol be less than?
200 mg/dl
What does HDL stand for and mean?
High density lipoprotein
Good cholesterol should be above 60 mg/dl
What does LDL stand for and mean?
Low density lipoprotein
Bad cholesterol should be lower than 100 mg/dl
What decreases the risk of plaque accumulation by blocking enzymes in the liver?
Statins
What is the desired level of triglycerides?
Less than 150 mg/dl
Another name for heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Unnoticeable low oxygen levels
Ischemia
What is the pain felt due to ischemia in heart tissue?
Angina
What does CVA stand for/mean?
Cerebrovascular accident
Stroke
What kind of stroke is it if a clot blocks an artery?
Thrombotic stroke
What kind of stroke is it if an artery in the brain ruptures?
Hemorrhagic stroke
What is it called when an artery balloons out, ruptures, and leaks out of the vessel? (decreasing oxygen in the brain)
Aneurysm
What does tPA stand for/mean?
Tissue plasminogen activator uses an IV to activate plasminogen in the body to dissolve any clots
What is a balloon angioplasty?
A catheter is fed into a blood vessel in the thigh and up to the heart to remove any blockage by inflating the balloon to smash plaque against the artery to insert a caged stent
Removal of plaque material
Endarterectomy
What is it called when one harvests another artery in the body to get passed the blockage?
Coronary bypass surgery
Inflammation of a vein
Phebitis
What are varicose veins?
Dilated veins due to valve damage leading to blood pooling in one’s feet/legs/ankles because the calves can’t fight gravity anymore
What does ECG stand for/mean?
Electrocardiogram is a graph of electrical activity in the heart
Abnormal heart rhythm
Arrhythmia
What does AAA stand for/mean?
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
A ballooning of the abdominal aorta
