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Medical Terminology Final > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What brings blood into the right atrium?

A

Vena cavas

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2
Q

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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3
Q

Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary valve

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4
Q

What brings blood into the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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5
Q

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve

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6
Q

Valve between left ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic valve

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7
Q

Superficial layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

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8
Q

Muscle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

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9
Q

Inner layer of the heart that is in contact with the blood

A

Endocardium

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10
Q

Inflammation of endocardium

A

Endocarditis

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11
Q

What occurs if strep throat is untreated?

A

Rheumatic fever

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12
Q

What is the cause of strep throat?

A

Streptococcus pyogens

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13
Q

What is the process of gas exchange in blood vessels?

A 
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
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14
Q

What is the process of blood flow in the heart?

A 
Vena cavas
R. atrium
Tricuspid valve
R. ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs (alveoli)
Pulmonary veins
L. atrium
bicuspid valve
L. ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
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15
Q

What carries lymph?

A

Lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

Contains white blood cells and has an immune function

A

Lymph nodes

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17
Q

Liquid part of blood that contains proteins, ions, electrolytes, glucose, and mostly water

A

Plasma

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18
Q

What are the formed elements of blood?

A

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets

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19
Q

Another name for white blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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20
Q

Another name for red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

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21
Q

What clots the blood?

A

Platelets

22
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

23
Q

What is the pressure on the walls of large arteries during ventricular contractions called?

A

Systole

24
Q

What is the pressure reached in between ventricular contractions in large arteries?

A

Diastole

25
Q

Another term for high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

26
Q

Enlarged heart

A

Cardiomegaly

27
Q

Build up of plaques in arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

28
Q

Another name for plaques

A

Atheromas

29
Q

Aorta narrowing

A

Aortostenosis

30
Q

Hardening of arteries that decreases flexibility

A

Arteriosclerosis

31
Q

What should your total cholesterol be less than?

A

200 mg/dl

32
Q

What does HDL stand for and mean?

A

High density lipoprotein

Good cholesterol should be above 60 mg/dl

33
Q

What does LDL stand for and mean?

A

Low density lipoprotein

Bad cholesterol should be lower than 100 mg/dl

34
Q

What decreases the risk of plaque accumulation by blocking enzymes in the liver?

A

Statins

35
Q

What is the desired level of triglycerides?

A

Less than 150 mg/dl

36
Q

Another name for heart attack

A

Myocardial infarction

37
Q

Unnoticeable low oxygen levels

A

Ischemia

38
Q

What is the pain felt due to ischemia in heart tissue?

A

Angina

39
Q

What does CVA stand for/mean?

A

Cerebrovascular accident

Stroke

40
Q

What kind of stroke is it if a clot blocks an artery?

A

Thrombotic stroke

41
Q

What kind of stroke is it if an artery in the brain ruptures?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

42
Q

What is it called when an artery balloons out, ruptures, and leaks out of the vessel? (decreasing oxygen in the brain)

A

Aneurysm

43
Q

What does tPA stand for/mean?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator uses an IV to activate plasminogen in the body to dissolve any clots

44
Q

What is a balloon angioplasty?

A

A catheter is fed into a blood vessel in the thigh and up to the heart to remove any blockage by inflating the balloon to smash plaque against the artery to insert a caged stent

45
Q

Removal of plaque material

A

Endarterectomy

46
Q

What is it called when one harvests another artery in the body to get passed the blockage?

A

Coronary bypass surgery

47
Q

Inflammation of a vein

A

Phebitis

48
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Dilated veins due to valve damage leading to blood pooling in one’s feet/legs/ankles because the calves can’t fight gravity anymore

49
Q

What does ECG stand for/mean?

A

Electrocardiogram is a graph of electrical activity in the heart

50
Q

Abnormal heart rhythm

A

Arrhythmia

51
Q

What does AAA stand for/mean?

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A ballooning of the abdominal aorta

Medical Terminology Final (11 decks)

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