Endocrine System

Question 1

Major endocrine glands

Answer 1

Testes, ovaries, pancreas, adrenals, thymus, thyroid, pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal

Question 2

What controls the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells?

Answer 2

Hormones and chemical messengers

Question 3

Two major groups of hormones

Answer 3

Steroid and non-steroid hormones

Question 4

Steroid hormones

Answer 4

Enter the target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus

Question 5

Non-steroid hormones

Answer 5

Protein hormones – remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger (AMP). They alter the rate of protein synthesis

Question 6

Why are the endocrine glands grouped together as a system?

Answer 6

The main function of each gland is the production of hormones. Other organs like the stomach and kidneys produce hormones as well.

Question 7

Nicknamed the master gland

Answer 7

Pituitary gland - attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum

Question 8

The two major portions of the pituitary gland are

Answer 8

The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Question 9

Hormones of the adenohypophysis

Answer 9

Tropic hormones, they act mainly on other endocrine glands. They include – somatotropin hormone STH or growth hormone GH, thyroid stimulating hormone TSH, follicle-stimulating hormone FSH

Question 10

Hormones of the neurohypophysis

Answer 10

Oxytocin (the labor hormone) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 11

How does the endocrine system assist the nervous system?

Answer 11

In homeostasis and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation. They meet at the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.