Endocrine System

Question 1

Transmission through the bloodstream
Chemical mediators are hormones.
Distribution of effects: target cells are mainly in other distant tissues and organs and must have appropriate receptors

Answer 1

Endocrine communication

Question 2

1. Both systems rely on the release of chemicals that bind to specific receptors on their target cells.
2. The two systems share many chemical messengers
3. Both systems are regulated by negative feedback control mechanisms
4. Both systems function to preserve homeostasis by coordinating and regulating the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and systems

Answer 2

Similarities between communication in the endocrine and nervous system

Question 3

Secretes hormones involved with fluid balance, smooth muscle contraction, and the control of hormone secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

Secretes multiple hormones that regulate the endocrine activities of the adrenal cortex, thyroid gland, and reproductive organs, and a hormone that stimulates melanin production

Answer 4

Pituitary gland

Question 5

Secretes hormones that affect metabolic rate and calcium ion levels in body fluids

Answer 5

Thyroid gland

Question 6

Secrete hormones involved with mineral balance, metabolic control, and resistance to stress. release epinephrine and norepinephrine during sympathetic activation

Answer 6

Adrenal glands

Question 7

Secrete hormones regulating the rate of glucose uptake and utilization by body tissues

Answer 7

Pancreatic islets

Question 8

Secretes melatonin, which affects reproductive function and helps establish circadian (day/night) rhythms.

Answer 8

Pineal Gland

Question 9

Secrete a hormone important to the regulation of calcium ion levels in body fluids

Answer 9

Parathyroid Glands

Question 10

Part of the diencephalon of the brain
Has neurons that secrete regulatory hormones that have a direct influence on hormone-secreting cells in the pituitary gland
Located just superior to the pituitary gland.

Answer 10

Hypothalamus

Question 11

Located in the sella turcica, a depression found within the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull
Releases hormones under the influence of the hypothalamus’ control that control the secretory activities of cells in endocrine glands elsewhere in the body

Answer 11

Pituitary Gland

Question 12

Controls the production and release of hormones form the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

The hypothalamus controls the production and release of hormones from this place

Answer 13

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 14

The chemical signaling between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary is accomplished by this capillary network

Answer 14

Hypothalami-Hypophyseal portal system

Question 15

Neurons within specific nuclei in the hypothalamus send their axons into this area

Answer 15

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Question 16

Hormone secretion is controlled by this

Answer 16

Negative feedback mechanisms

Question 17

Connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland

Answer 17

Isthmus

Question 18

Responsible for the stimulation of cell and tissue metabolism

Answer 18

Thyroid gland

Question 19

Responsible for calcium homeostasis

Answer 19

Parathyroid glands

Question 20

Responsible for water and electrolyte balance, glucose metabolism in response to stress, and sex hormones

Answer 20

Adrenal glands

Question 21

Produces insulting and glucagon and is responsible of the regulation of blood glucose levels

Answer 21

Pancreas

Question 22

Responsible for regulating processes that follow a circadian or day/night cycle pattern

Answer 22

Pineal gland