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Aerobic Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Strep pyogenes significant ID features

A 
Beta hemolysis
Bacitracin S
SXT R
CAMP test =
Hippurate Hydrolysis =
LAP +
PRY +
Bile Esculin = 
NaCL =
Optochin R
Vancomycin S
Bile solubility =
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2
Q

Strep agalactiae significant ID

A 
Beta hemolysis
Bacitracin R
SXT R
CAMP +
Hippurate hydrolysis +
LAP +
PYR = 
Bile esculin =
NaCl = 
Optochin R 
Vancomycin S 
Bile solubility =
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3
Q

Strep equines significant ID

A 
Beta hemolysis 
Bacitracin V
SXT S
CAMP = 
Hippurate hydrolysis =
LAP +
PYR =
Bile esculin =
NaCl =
Optochin R
Vancomycin S
Bile solubility =
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4
Q

Enterococcus significant ID

A 
Alpha, Beta, Gamma hemolysis
Bacitracin R 
SXT R
CAMP = 
Hippurate V
LAP +
PYR +
Bile esculin +
NaCl +
Optochin R
Vaconmycin S (R)
Bile solubility =
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5
Q

Strep pneumoniae significant ID

A 
Alpha hemolysis 
Bacitracin S
SXT S
Hippurate = 
LAP +
PYR = 
Bile esculin = 
NaCl =
Optochin S
Vancomycin S
Bile solubility =
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6
Q

Principle of latex agglutination for Staph species

A

Formalin killed Staph aureus cell are used because of large amounts of protein A (bind Fc portion of IgG antibody). Fab sites able to react with specific antigens

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7
Q

Strep viridans significant ID

A 
Alpha, gamma hemolysis
Bacitracin R
SXT S
LAP +
PYR = 
Bile esculin = 
NaCl = 
Optochin R
Vancomycin S
Bile solubility =
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8
Q

Strep milleri significant ID

A 
LAP +
PYR +
Bile esculin = 
NaCl = 
Optochin R
Vancomycin S
Bile solubility =
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9
Q

Abiotrophia significant ID

A

alpha, gamma hemolysis
LAP +
PYR +
Vancomycin S

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10
Q

Granulicatella significant ID

A

alpha, gamma hemolysis
LAP +
PYR +
Vancomycin S

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11
Q

Aerococcus significant ID

A 
alpha hemolysis
Bacitracin S 
Hippurate V
LAP = 
PYR +
Bile esculin V
Vancomycin S
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12
Q

Helocococcus significant ID

A 
alpha, gamma hemolysis
Hippurate = 
LAP = 
PYR +
Bile esculin = 
Vancomycin S
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13
Q

Leuconostoc significant ID

A 
gamma hemolysis 
LAP = 
PYR = 
Bile esculin +
Vancomycin R
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14
Q

Gamella significant ID

A 
alpha, gamma hemolysis
Hippurate = 
LAP +
PYR +
Bile esculin =
NaCl = 
Vancomycin S
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15
Q

Pediococcus significant ID

A 
alpha hemolysis
Hippurate +
LAP = 
PYR = 
Bile esculin +
Vancomycin R
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16
Q

Tetragenococcus significant ID

A

alpha hemolysis
Hippurate +
LAP =
Vancomycin S

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17
Q

Lactococcus significant ID

A

Hippurate +
LAP +
Vancomycin S

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18
Q

Staph aureus significant ID

A 
Beta hemolysis 
Catalase + 
Coagulase +
Polymyxin S
Novobiocin S
PYR = 
Oxidase = 
Lysosome R
Lysostaphin S
Bacitracin R
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19
Q

Staph saprophyticus significant ID

A 
gamma hemolysis 
catalase + 
coag = 
polymyxin S 
Novobiocin R 
PYR = 
Oxidase =
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20
Q

Staph epideridis significant ID

A 
gamma hemolysis
Catalse + 
Coagulase = 
Polymyxin R 
Novobiocin S 
PYR = 
Oxidase =
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21
Q

Staph haemolyticus significant ID

A 
Catalase +
Coagulase = 
Polymyxin S
Novobiocin S
PYR + 
Oxidase =
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22
Q

Staph hominis significant ID

A 
Catalase +
Coagulase = 
Polymyxin S
Novobiocin S
PYR = 
Oxidase =
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23
Q

Staph warneri significant ID

A 
Catalase +
Coagulase = 
Polymyxin S
Novobiocin S
PYR = 
Oxidase =
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24
Q

Micrococcus significant ID

A 
Catalase + 
Coagulase = 
Oxidase + 
Lysosome S
Lysostaphin R 
Bacitracin S
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25
Strep pyogenese bacitracin & SXT results
Bacitracin S | SXT R
26
Strep agalactiae bacitracin & SXT results
Bacitracin R | SXT R
27
Strep equines bacitracin & SXT results
Bacitracin V | SXT S
28
Enterococcus bacitracin & SXT results
Bacitracin R | SXT R
29
Strep pneumoniae bacitracin & SXT results
Bacitracin R | SXT S
30
Strep viridans bacitracin & SXT results
Bacitracin V | SXT S
31
Strep agalactiae pathogenicity
group B specific antigen, infection in newborn & women who become ill after childbirth, endometritis & wound infection
32
Strep pyogenes pathogenicity
bacterial pharyngitis, pyodermal infections, rheumatic fever, invasive streptococcal infections
33
Strep pneumoniae pathogenicity
pneumonia, sinusitis, otis media, bacteremia, meningitis
34
Strep viridans group pathogenicity
Most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis & implicated in infections of immunocompromised meningitis, abscesses, osteomyelitis
35
Enterococcus pathogenicity
UTIs, wound infections, inter-abdominal abscesses
36
Pedicoccus pathogenicity
isolated form saliva, stool, urine, wounds. rarely causes disease but septicemia and bacteremia have been reported
37
Strep milleri pathogenicity
abscesses & other pyogenic infections
38
Staph aureus pathogenicity
skin & wound infections, food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome
39
Staph epidermidis pathogenicity
predominantly hospital-acquired, with catheterization, prosthetic heart valve implantation
40
Staph saprophyticus pathogenicity
UTIs in young sexually active females
41
Micrococcus species pathogenicity
rarely causes infections
42
Stomatococcus pathogenicity
Opportunist pathogen, isolated most often from drug abuse
43
Staph colony morphology
Medium, moist, white/cream/yellowish. Some beta hemolysis (S. aureus)
44
Staph microscopic morphology
gram pos cocci in clusters or tetrads
45
Beta strep colony morphology
small to pinpoint, translucent/white. Beta hemolysis (group A - large zone, group b - narrow zone, group C)
46
Beta strep micro morphology
gram pos cocci in chains or pairs
47
Strep penumoniae colony morphology
small to pinpoint, translucent/gray, alpha hemolysis. older colonies - coinlike appearance, mucoid
48
Strep penumoniae micro
Gram pos diplococci (cat eye shape)
49
Enterococcus colony morphology
small, white to gray with disappearing borders, no hemolysis but can show it
50
Enterococcus gram stain
gram pos cocci that are spherical or ovoid in shape, pairs or short chains
51
How to distinguish between Staph aureus and other Staph species?
Coagulase, latex agglutination
52
How to differentiate between Staph from Strep
Catalase test
53
No hemolysis
Nothing occuring
54
Alpha hemolysis
Partial hemolysis
55
Beta hemolysis
Complete hemolysis
56
Does beta hemolysis always indicate the presence of Strep?
No, many other organisms can cause beta hemolysis on BAP, such as some strains of Staph aureus & gram neg rods
57
3 ways to identify Enterococcus
Automated systems, PYR, BE, NaCl
58
Leucine aminopeptidase test (LAP)
Leucine aminopeptidase hydrolyzes peptide bonds adjacent to a free amino group. Addition of para-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent (DMACA) causes a red color to develop in + test
59
Organisms that LAP differentiates
Aerococcus, Leuconostoc from other gram pos cocci
60
Strep, Enterococcus, Pediococcus LAP results
LAP +
61
Aerococcus, Pediococcus LAP results
LAP =
62
VRE
Treatment: synercid & linezolid
63
Genetics of VRE
Proteins encoded by the vanA and vanB genes confer resistance to vancomycin in clinically important enterococcal species. Enterococcus spp containing the vanA phenotype are highly resistant to vancomycin. The transmissibility of vanA is of great concern in the medical community. The genes sequentially modify the peptidoglycan termini, N-acyl-D-ala-D-ala, involved in cross-linking to N-acyl-D-ala-D-lactate. The non-crosslinked peptidoglycan termini result in resistance to vancomycin.
64
Hospital acquired MRSA
HA-MRSA. Acquired while in the hospital recently, long term care, dialysis or indewelling devices
65
Community acquired MRSA
CA-MRSA. Infections among people who lack the traditional healthcare associated risk factors Infections among althletes, inmates, military recruits, pediatric patients, tattoo recipients
66
Staph enterotoxins
A, D, F. | cause nausea/vomiting & diarrhea (S. food poisoning)
67
Staph exfoliative toxin
Epidermolytic toxin. Causes epidermal layer of skin to slough off
68
Cytolytic toxins
Alpha, beta, delta, gamma. extracellular proteins that affect RBCs & leukocytes
69
PVL
Helps S. aureus invade tissues
70
Enzymes
-beta lactamase, coagulate & staphylokinase activates plasminogen
71
Staph enzymes (fibrinolysin, protease, lipase, hyaluronidase)
Destroy tissue, help infection spread
72
Staph: Protein A
binds to the Fc portion of IgG, blocking phagocytosis. | Mec A gene /PBP2
73
Strep virulence factors
``` M protein Enzymes Streptolysin O & S DNAase A-D Streptokinase A & B Pyrogenic Toxins A-C Capsule ```
74
Slide agglutination principle
Extraction of the C carbohydrate, which is the specific group antigen, done by heat or acid. Group specific antisera with a visible tag is mixed & viewed for agglutination
75
ELISA
extraction occurs first then a common sandwich EIA technique - anti Group A beta Strep, group a beta strep antigen/wash/add antibody to group A beta Strep with enzyme tag. If the group A beta strep antigen is there - a sandwich technique & reaction will occur
76
Quelling reaction
Historical capsular swelling used for the rapid ID of Strep pneumoniae
77
Strep penumoniae virulence is directly proportional to what?
Presence of a capsule
78
3 test used in ID of strep pneumoniae
Optochin, automated procedures, bile solubility, quelling, antigen typing
79
What substance present in the cell wall of Group A strep is responsible for virulence of the organism?
M protein
80
What role does Strep pyogenes play in rheumatic fever?
- Antibodies attach to heart valves & tissue damage occurs - Exotoxin damage - Invasion of heart tissue by organism
81
Why does someone who has a Strep throat infection get another
80 different M protein serotypes - each with a unique antibody response
82
Secondary condition to Strep throat infection
Glomerulonephritis
83
What is the antibiotic of choice in treating group A beta hemolytic Strep infections?
Penicillin (amoxicillin) | Use erythromycin if allergic
84
Staph food poisoning
Enterotoxins A & D cause symptoms to appear in 2-8 hours & resolve within 6-8 hours
85
Bound coagulase-slide coagulase
detects enzyme that connects fibrinogen to fibrin on surface of cell clumping factor.
86
Free coagulase - tube coagulase
Detects enzyme that is excreted away from cell wall. Staphylocoagulase
87
Testing methodology for ID of MRSA
``` Agglutination - PBP2 Automated for Mec A gene Oxacillin Cefotoxin MRSA media ```
88
Gram stain for Neisseria
Gram neg diploccoci
89
Antibiotics used in modified thayer martin plates
- inhibit growth of normal flora | - Vancomycin, colistin, nystantin, trimethoprim
90
Vancomycin purpose on MTM media
inhibit gram pos cocci
91
Colistin purpose on MTM media
inhibit gram neg rods
92
Nystantin purpose on MTM media
inhibit yeast
93
trimethoprin purpose on MTM media
swarming proteus
94
Test used to differentiate N. gonorrhoeae
Growth on choc plate, glucose pos, other sugars neg
95
Test used to differentiate N. meningitidis
grows on both BAP & choc, glucose pos, maltose pos, other sugars neg
96
Pathogenicity of N. meningitidis
May have capsule, endotoxin production, pili & IgA protease, all contribute.
97
Meningococcal vaccination
Used on people ages to 11-55 years. Covers all serogroups except B
98
N. meningitidis serogroup associated with Waterhouse-Frederichsen
Serotype B
99
Non-culture test to detect N. gonorrhoeae
Fl. test, direct microscopic examination, immunollogic methods, nucleic acid probe
100
Dry slide oxidase test
Add organism to purchased test card, if turns purple then +
101
Oxidase dropper & filter paper
Add oxidase reagent & then organism - purple is pos
102
Chemical oxidase method
Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
103
Pathogenicity of Moraxella catarrhalis
Opportunistic pathogen & is recognized as a cause of upper respiratory tract infections in healthy children & elderly Also cause lower respiratory infections in adults with COPD
104
Predisposing factors for Moraxella catarrhalis infections
Advanced age, immunodefiency, neutropenia, chronic debilitating diseases
105
Moraxella catarrhalis ID
Grow on BAP & choc, "hockey puck" morphology - remains intact when pushed with a loop & moves across agar like a puck
106
Moraxella catarrhalis ID tests
Asaccharolytic, DNase pos, butyrate esterase reactions
107
N. meningitidis serogroups associated with epidemics
A, B, C, Y, W-135
108
N. meningitidis serogroup A
Associated with pandemics
109
N. meningitidis serogroup B & C
Most common in USA, group B frequently involved in community-acquired diseases
110
N. meningitidis serogroup Y
Primarily causes meningococcal pneumonia
111
N. meningitidis serogroup W-135
Responsible for invasive disease
112
Principle of superoxol test
Uses 30% H202 and is performed the same way as catalase test
113
Superoxol test for N. gonorrhoeae
IMMEDIATE VIGOROUS bubbling, considered positive
114
N. meningitidis & N. lactamica superoxol test
Weak, delayed bubbling, considred negative

Anatomy 204 (6 decks)

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