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Anatomy 204 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Work together to support cells and tissues of the body that would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves.

A

The respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, and the cardiovascular system

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2
Q

Conduit for delivery and removal of what is necessary to support cells and tissues of the body

A

The cardiovascular system

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3
Q

Oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

A

Major organs of the digestive tract

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4
Q

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

A

Accessory organs of the digestive system

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5
Q

A double sheet of peritoneal membrane; lines the abdominal cavity. Also stabilizes the position of organs attached to the abdominal wall and prevent tangling of intestines during movement of the tract or sudden changes in body position.

A

Mesentery

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6
Q

Epithelial lining and underlying connective tissue.

A

Mucosa

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7
Q

Connective tissue containing blood vessels and glands

A

Submucosa

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8
Q

Smooth muscle in two layers - inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

A

Muscularis externa

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9
Q

The serosa is a peritoneal membrane covering; it is not present in oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and rectum - instead they have an adventitia.

A

Serosa/adventitia

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10
Q

In the upper part of the tract (oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus), is stratified squamous where the rest of the tract is simple columnar.

A

Epithelium in the upper part of the tract

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11
Q

Increase surface area for absorption

A

Circular folds and intestinal villi

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12
Q

In the mucosa and submucosa. Produce secretions that are carried through ducts to epithelial surfaces

A

Secretory glands

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13
Q

Smooth muscle within that change the shape of the lumen and move the circular folds and villi

A

Muscularis mucosa

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14
Q

The process of smooth muscle contraction by which materials are moved from one portion of the digestive tract to another.

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

The process of smooth muscle contraction by which materials are churned and fragmented, mixing the contents of the tract with secretions

A

Segmentation

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16
Q
  1. Autonomic nervous system
  2. Hormones produced by the digestive tract itself.
  3. Local factors such as changes in pH, mechanical distortion of the gut wall, or chemical signals released from the mucosa and/or specific nutrients
A

All movements of the gut are under the control of three primary mechanisms.

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17
Q

Occurs when solid food and liquid enter the oral cavity of the digestive tract.

A

Ingestion

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18
Q

The chemical and enzymatic breakdown of food into small organic molecules that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium

A

Digestion

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19
Q

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitial fluid of the digestive tract

A

Absorption

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20
Q

Superior boundary
Posterior boundary
Anterior and lateral
Inferior boundary

A

Oral Cavity

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21
Q

The matrix of the tooth, similar to construction to the matrix of bone

A

Dentin

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22
Q

Projects into the oral cavity from the surface to the gums

A

Crown

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23
Q

Sits in a bony cavity called an alveolus, or tooth socket

A

Root

24
Q

Covers the dentin of the crown.

A

Enamel

25
Q

Incisors
Cuspids
Bicuspids
Molars

A

Types of teeth

26
Q

Deciduous teeth or “baby teeth”

A

Primary dentition

27
Q

Teeth the replace deciduous teeth and are permanent

A

Secondary dentition

28
Q

“Deglutition”

Happens in three phases

A

Swallowing

29
Q

A voluntary phase in which a bolus of food is moved into the oropharynx by movement of the tongue

A

Buccal phase

30
Q

Contraction of pharyngeal constrictors move the bolus through the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal phase

31
Q

Bolus is moved toward the stomach by perstalsis

A

Esophageal phase

32
Q

Lined by the parietal peritoneum, which lines the inner abdominal wall, and the visceral peritoneum, which covers the organs.

A

Peritoneal cavity

33
Q

Prominent but temporary mucosal folds that allow the gastric lumen to expand.

A

Rugae

34
Q

Store and mechanically break down ingested food
Chemically break down food through the action of acid and enzymes
Produce intrinsic factor, a molecule necessary for the proper absorption and handling of vitamin B12, which is required for red blood cells production

A

Stomach functions

35
Q

The segment closest to the stomach. This portion is a “mixing bowl”. It receives chyme from the stomach and and digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver. 10 inches.

A

Duodenum

36
Q

The segment between the duodenum and the ileum and is marked by a sharp bend at its beginning. The bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here. 8.2 feet long.

A

Jejunum

37
Q

Final segment and the longest, about 11.5 ft. Ends at the ileocecal valve, a sphincter that controls the flow of material.

A

Ileum

38
Q

Absorbs water and compacts contents into feces
Absorbs vitamins
Stores fecal material prior to defecation

A

Large intestine

39
Q

Produce mucous and enzyme secretions

A

Salivary glands

40
Q

Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.

A

Gallbladder

41
Q

Exocrine cells that produce digestive enzymes and endocrine cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and other hormones

A

Pancreas

42
Q

Has many digestive and metabolic functions

A

Liver

43
Q

Parotid glands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

A

Three pairs of glands

44
Q

Lie under either side of the tongue, covered by the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. Produce a mucous secretion that acts as a buffer and lubricant

A

Sublingual salivary gland

45
Q

Lie along the inner surface of the mandible wishing the mandibular groove. Cells secrete a mixture of buffers, mucins, and salivary amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starches. Also transports antibodies into the saliva to provide additional protection against pathogens in food

A

Submandibular salivary glands

46
Q

Lie inferior to the zygomatic arch deep into the skin covering the lateral and posterior surface of the mandible. Each gland has an irregular shape, extending from the mastoid process of the temporal bone across the outer surface of the masseter muscle. Produce a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase. Secretions are drained by a parotoid duct, which empties into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar

A

Parotid salivary glands

47
Q

The largest of all visceral organs. Located underneath the diaphragm predominantly on the right side of the abdominal cavity

A

Liver

48
Q

Marks the division between the left and right lobes of the liver

A

Falciform ligament

49
Q

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery proper
Common bile duct

A

Porta hepatis

50
Q

Collect bile produced by the cells of the liver

A

Right and left hepatic ducts

51
Q

Hepatic ducts combined to form this

A

Common hepatic duct

52
Q

Formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct. It empties into the small intestine

A

Common bile duct

53
Q

Bile salts in bile break apart fat droplets, aiding in the digestion of fat.

A

Emulsification

54
Q

Too much cholesterol and too little bile salts
Incomplete and infrequent emptying of the gall bladder
Presence of proteins that promote crystallization of cholesterol

A

Reasons gallstones form

55
Q

Produces pancreatic juice that is a combination of water, ions, and enzymes that aid in digestion

A

Pancreas

56
Q

Meets the common bile duct and delivers exocrine secretions to the small intestine

A

Pancreatic duct

57
Q

Pancreatic amylase- breaks down carbohydrates
Pancreatic lipase- breaks down fats
Pancreatic nucleases- breakdown RNA and DNA
Pancreatic proteolytic enzymes- break down proteins

A

Major pancreatic enzymes

Anatomy 204 (6 decks)

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