Endocrine System Flashcards
What hormones does the pineal gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Melatonin
Diurnally regulated: sleep hormone
What 2 hormones does the hypothal on post pituitary gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Oxytocin, in the uterus: stimulates contraction; milk ejection, “cuddle hormone”
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), in the kidney Tubules: stimulates increased reabsorption of H2O
What hormone does the hypothal on Anterior Pituitary gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Control of Ant Pit secretions through ‘regulatory hormones
Ant Pituitary
What other functions of the hypothal have?
Autonomic/Visceral Control Center Cognitive center for emotional response/At the heart of limbic system Body Temperature Regulation Regulation of Food Intake Regulation of Water Balance and Thirst Regulation of Sleep/Wake Cycles Control of Endocrine System Functioning
What are the 2 important hormones of the Anterior pituitary. What function do they serve?
Growth Hormone (GH): anabolic effect on liver, muscle, bone, cartilage, and other issuers.
THyroid: released T3 and T4
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
What 3 hormones does the posterior pituitary gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Oxytocin (stored from hypothalamus) Uterus: stimulates smooth muscle contraction; Milk ejection
ADH (Stored from hypothalamus): Kidney Tubules: stimulates increased reabsorption of H2O
What hormone does the Thyroid gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4) Metabolic control over vitually all cell of body, essential in growth & develop Calcitonin; Inhibits osteoclastic activity; antagonist is PTH
What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Parathyroid Hormone; Stimulates osteoclastic activity, increase reabsorption of Calcium @ kidney
What hormone does the Thymus gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Thymopoietine & Thymosin Developmental Immunity; differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes
What hormone does the Adrenal Cortex gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Aldosterone; Enhances reabsorption of H20 at kidney
Cortisol Stress Hormone; General Body Cells:mobilze fats, protiens, gluconeogenesis
DHEA Female libido, axillary hair, source of estrogen after menopause
What 3 hormones does the Adrenal Medulla gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine Fight or Flight response; Sympathetic like response for prolonged periods
What hormone does the Pancreas produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Insulin Storage hormone for CHO & FATS
Glucagon Mobilization hormone for CHO
What hormone does the testes gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Testosterone: 2 secondary male sex characteristics, maturation of gonads
What hormone does the ovaries gland produce? What is/are its target tissue?
Estrogen & Progesterone: secondary female sex characteristics, maturation gonads/breasts
Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.
Heart Function
Kidney: Inhibits sodium ion reabsorption & renin release at the kidney
Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.
Skin (epidermal cells) Function
Intestines: Stimulates absorption of Calcium into blood
Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.
Kidney: Hormones and functions (2)
Erythropoietine (EPO) Bone Marrow: stimulates release of RBCs
Renin Initiates renin-angiotensin mechanism of aldosterone release
Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.
Stomach(enteroendocrine): Hormone and functions
Gastrin Stomach: stimulates release of HCl/Digestive Juices
Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.
Duodenum small intestine: Function
stimulate activity of pancreas & liver as well as gallbladder
Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.
Placenta: Hormone and Function
Estrogen, Progest & HumanChorionicGonadotropin
Corpus Luteum: maintained
Organs w/ Endocrine Functions.
Corpus Luteum: Hormone and Function
Progesterone
Myometrium activity quieted; Maturation of mammary glands
What endocrine organs are also called exocrine organs?
Pancreas, testes & ovaries
Which endocrine organs fall into the neural tissue category? (2)
Hypothalamus & Adrenal Medulla
What is target cell specificity?
Hormones affect only certain tissues or organs. These targets must have specific protein receptors. Hormone-binding alters the cellular activity.
Humoral stimuli trigger glands to manufacture hormones. Explain and give two examples.
Changing blood levels or certain ions stimulate hormone release.
EX: Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are produced in response to changing levels of blood calcium levels.
EX: Insulin is produced in response to changing levels of blood glucose levels.
Neural stimuli trigger glands to manufacture hormones. Explain and give an example.
Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release. Most are under the control of the sympathetic nervous system.
EX: the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine by the adrenal medulla.
Hormonal stimuli trigger glands to manufacture hormones. Explain and give an example.
?
Name the major endocrine organs. (9)
Pituitary gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands adrenal glands (cortex and medulla) pineal gland thymus gland pancreas ovaries and testes Hypothalamus
