Chapter 1 Flashcards
Organ systems: Integumentary
Forms the external body covering
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Helps regulate body temperature
Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
Organ Systems: Skeletal
Protects and supports body organs
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation Stores minerals
Organ Systems: Muscular
Produces movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Organ Systems: Nervous
Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Activates muscles and glands
Organ Systems: Endocrine
Secretes regulatory hormones for Growth, Reproduction, Metabolism
Organ Systems: Cardiovascular
Transports materials in body via blood which is pumped by heart. Oxygen Carbon dioxide Nutrients Wastes
Organ Systems: Lymphatic
Returns fluids to blood vessels Cleanses the blood Involved in immunity
Organ Systems: Respiratory
Keeps blood supplied with oxygen Removes carbon dioxide
Organ Systems: Digestive
Breaks down food Allows for nutrient absorption into blood Eliminates indigestible material as feces
Organ Systems: Urinary
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes Maintains acid-base balance Regulates water and electrolytes
Organ Systems: Reproductive
Produces offspring Testes produce sperm and male hormone Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones
Maintaining Homeostasis: Receptor
Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli) Sends information to control center
Maintaining Homeostasis: Control center
Determines set point Analyzes information Determines appropriate response
Maintaining Homeostasis: Effector
Provides a means for response to the stimulus
Maintaining Homeostasis: Negative feedback
Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms Shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity Works like a household thermostat
Maintaining Homeostasis: Positive feedback
Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther In the body this only occurs in blood clotting and during the birth of a baby
Superior (cranial or cephalad):
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Inferior (caudal):
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Ventral (anterior):
toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Dorsal (posterior):
toward or at the backside of the body; behind
sagittal plane
divides body into right and left parts
frontal or coronal
divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts.
transverse or cross section
divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts.
what does the dorsal cavity protect?
the nervous system
what are the two subdivisions of cavities within the dorsal cavity?
cranial cavity (encases brain) vertebral cavity (encases spinal cord)
What does the ventral cavity house?
the internal organs (visera)
what are the 2 subdivisions of the ventral cavity?
thoracic cavity abdominopelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity subdivisions:
Two pleural cavities Each houses a lung Mediastinum Contains pericardial cavity Surrounds thoracic organs Pericardial cavity Encloses heart
Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions: Abdominal cavity Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver Pelvic cavity Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Abdominal cavity Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver Pelvic cavity Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
Name the 9 quadrants on the left figure
What organs are in the R hypochondric area?
liver and gallbladder
What organ is in the epigastric region?
Stomach
What organ is in the right limbar region?
ascending colon
What organ is in the Umbilical region?
small intestines
What organ is in the left limbar region?
descending colon
What organ is in the right iliac region?
Cecum
What organs (4) are in the pubic region?
urinary bladder
uterus
uterine tubes
ovaries
What organs are in the left iliac region?
sigmoid colon
