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BIO > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the anterior part of the pituitary gland?

A

adenohypophysis

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2
Q

What is the posterior part of the pituitary gland?

A

neurohypophysis

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3
Q

What is the embryonic origin of neurohypophysis?

A

infundibulum

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4
Q

What is the origin of adenohypophysis?

A

embryonic rathke’s pouch

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5
Q

neurohypophysis is what kind of tissue?

A

nervous tissue

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6
Q

adenohypophysis is what kind of tissue

A

epithelial tissue

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7
Q

The pars distalis and pars intermedia are part of which section of the pituitary gland?

A

adenohypophysis

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8
Q

What are the parts of neurohypophysis?

A

Median Eminence, Pars Nervosa

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9
Q

What gland secretes melatonin?

A

pineal gland

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10
Q

What is the binding site of mammalian melatonin?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus in brain

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11
Q

The pineal gland is found at the diencephalon. T/F?

A

T

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12
Q

What organ produces glucagon and insulin in mammals?

A

pancreas

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13
Q

What are the functional endocrine units of the pancreas?

A

islets of langerhans

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14
Q

Where does the endocrine islets differentiate?

A

pancreatic diverticulum

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15
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid hormone?

A

regulate calcium

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16
Q

Where does the parathyroid develop from?

A

3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches

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17
Q

Is the adrenal gland endodermal? Yes or No?

A

No. It’s mesodermal.

18
Q

What are the 2 components of the adrenal glands?

A

adrenal cortex & adrenal medulla

19
Q

What cells are present in thyroid hormones?

A

follicular cells and parafollicular cells

20
Q

What hormone regulates calcium?

A

calcitonin

21
Q

What does the hormone thymosin regulate?

A

regulate immune cell production

22
Q

The gland developed from the posterior most pharyngeal pouches and is specifically epithelial?

A

ultimobranchial gland

23
Q

What gland secretes adrenaline and norepinephrine?

A

Adrenal Gland (medulla)

23
Q

What is the adrenal medulla referred to as in mammals?

A

paraganglia

23
Q

Which part of the adrenal gland produces steroid hormones?

A

adrenal cortex

24
Q

What do ultimobrachial bodies secrete?

A

calcitonin

25
Q

Ultimobrachial bodies are homologous to what structure present in mammals?

A

parafollicular cells

26
Q

Give an example of a ductless gland that is neurosecretory.

A

Urophysis

27
Q

What hormone does the urophysis secrete?

A

urotensins

28
Q

What is the function of urotensin?

A

osmoregulation

29
Q

Where are the corpuscles of Stannius found?

A

kidney

30
Q

What cells are associated with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus at the nephron?

A

Juxtaglomerular Cells (Complex)

31
Q

What hormone does the Juxtaglomerular Complex secrete?

A

renin

32
Q

Renin is an angiotensinogenase. How does this relate to its function?

A

angiotensin induces aldosteron (for osmoregulation) production.

33
Q

What is the mass of capillaries found in the kidneys which functions for the filtration of blood?

A

glomerulus

34
Q

What hormone stimulate the sodium and water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts?

A

aldosterone

35
Q

What stores and releases hormones produced in the hypothalamus into the blood stream?

A

neurohypophysis

36
Q

What is the primary hormone of the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine

37
Q

What hormones does the intestinal mucosa secrete?

A

Gastrin (secretion for gastric acid) & Secretin (stomach acid neutralization)

38
Q

Which glands are ectodermal in origin?

A

pituitary gland, pineal gland, urophysis

39
Q

Which glands/tissues are endodermal in origin?

A

thyroid, ultimobranchial body, pancreatic islets, intestinal mucosa

40
Q

What glands/tissues are mesodermal in origin?

A

chromaffin tissue, corpuscles of stannius, gonad

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