Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the anterior part of the pituitary gland?
adenohypophysis
What is the posterior part of the pituitary gland?
neurohypophysis
What is the embryonic origin of neurohypophysis?
infundibulum
What is the origin of adenohypophysis?
embryonic rathke’s pouch
neurohypophysis is what kind of tissue?
nervous tissue
adenohypophysis is what kind of tissue
epithelial tissue
The pars distalis and pars intermedia are part of which section of the pituitary gland?
adenohypophysis
What are the parts of neurohypophysis?
Median Eminence, Pars Nervosa
What gland secretes melatonin?
pineal gland
What is the binding site of mammalian melatonin?
suprachiasmatic nucleus in brain
The pineal gland is found at the diencephalon. T/F?
T
What organ produces glucagon and insulin in mammals?
pancreas
What are the functional endocrine units of the pancreas?
islets of langerhans
Where does the endocrine islets differentiate?
pancreatic diverticulum
What is the function of the parathyroid hormone?
regulate calcium
Where does the parathyroid develop from?
3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches
Is the adrenal gland endodermal? Yes or No?
No. It’s mesodermal.
What are the 2 components of the adrenal glands?
adrenal cortex & adrenal medulla
What cells are present in thyroid hormones?
follicular cells and parafollicular cells
What hormone regulates calcium?
calcitonin
What does the hormone thymosin regulate?
regulate immune cell production
The gland developed from the posterior most pharyngeal pouches and is specifically epithelial?
ultimobranchial gland
What gland secretes adrenaline and norepinephrine?
Adrenal Gland (medulla)
What is the adrenal medulla referred to as in mammals?
paraganglia
Which part of the adrenal gland produces steroid hormones?
adrenal cortex
What do ultimobrachial bodies secrete?
calcitonin
Ultimobrachial bodies are homologous to what structure present in mammals?
parafollicular cells
Give an example of a ductless gland that is neurosecretory.
Urophysis
What hormone does the urophysis secrete?
urotensins
What is the function of urotensin?
osmoregulation
Where are the corpuscles of Stannius found?
kidney
What cells are associated with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus at the nephron?
Juxtaglomerular Cells (Complex)
What hormone does the Juxtaglomerular Complex secrete?
renin
Renin is an angiotensinogenase. How does this relate to its function?
angiotensin induces aldosteron (for osmoregulation) production.
What is the mass of capillaries found in the kidneys which functions for the filtration of blood?
glomerulus
What hormone stimulate the sodium and water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts?
aldosterone
What stores and releases hormones produced in the hypothalamus into the blood stream?
neurohypophysis
What is the primary hormone of the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine
What hormones does the intestinal mucosa secrete?
Gastrin (secretion for gastric acid) & Secretin (stomach acid neutralization)
Which glands are ectodermal in origin?
pituitary gland, pineal gland, urophysis
Which glands/tissues are endodermal in origin?
thyroid, ultimobranchial body, pancreatic islets, intestinal mucosa
What glands/tissues are mesodermal in origin?
chromaffin tissue, corpuscles of stannius, gonad
