Digestive System Flashcards
What is the tube that runs from the mouth to the aboral end?
alimentary canal
Accessory glands are mainly composed of what?
major glands involved in digestion
What region of gut contains yolk or is attached to yolk?
midgut
The oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine is part of which region of the gut?
foregut
What are the 3 modes of feeding?
filter feeding, fluid feeding, bulk feeding
The hindgut is composed of what organs?
large intestine + cloaca
What is filter feeding?
that derive
food from particles that are either
suspended or dissolved in fluid
What is fluid feeding?
diet is mostly fluid.
E.g. humans - breastmilk; humming birds - honey/nectar
What is bulk feeding?
Evolutions of jawed animals or the
gnathostomes that can immediately
obtain a large mass of food
needs jaws
What is the difference between the primary and secondary palate?
primary: internal nares lead into the oral cavity anteriorly
secondary: nasal passage is above secondary palate + opens at the end of oral cavity
Teeth are derivations of ________.
dermal armor
This primarily surrounds teeth.
enamel
Most vertebrates except mammals replace teeth in _________.
“waves” = back to front, every other tooth
How many sets of teeth do mammals generally have?
2
What kind of teeth attachment has a socket?
thecodont
What kind of teeth attachment is on the surface only?
Acrodont
Teeth attached to the medial side of the jaw bone is called what?
pleurodont
What is needed to form a formative tooth?
dentinal pulp
What is the glandular field found in frog tongue?
tuberculum impar
Describe the tongue of turtles, crocodiles, and some birds.
mostly immobile
The tongue is attached to the floor of the oral cavity in mammals via what?
frenulum
What are the 3 main kinds of oral glands based on function?
salivary, poison, and anticoagulant gland
What are the stages of swallowing?
- oral phase: pinasok food; upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is contracted
- pharyngeal phase: UES is relaxed; epiglottis closed
- esophageal phase: UES contracted
What are the layers of the alimentary canal?
- mucosa
- submucosa
- external muscle layer
- serosa
What layer of the alimentary canal are the nerves and capillaries found?
lamina propria
Sharks have a simple stomach but are mainly carnivores, how?
has a spiral valve (intestine) = increases inner surface area of digestive tract = increased absorption
Birds have 2 stomach chambers, which is glandular?
proventricular
Birds have 2 stomach chambers, which is keratinized?
gizzard
What is the function of the diverticulum?
serves as temporary storage of food.
When birds “luwa” feed for their kids
What cell secretes H+ ions?
parietal cells
In a ruminant stomach, what is known as the glandular stomach?
ambomasum
In ruminants, what is the biggest stomach chamber that can also act as a fermentation chamber?
rumen
What is the prominent caecum at the large intestine?
appendix
What duct does the liver use to secrete bile?
hepatic duct
What duct does the gallbladder use to secrete bile?
cystic duct
Where does the pancreatic and common bile duct merge?
ampulla of vater
Gastric juice is acidic but can be neutralized by bicarbonates in the antral region. T/F?
F
Sanguinivores ingest food through a mode of __________.
fluid feeding
he tunica submucosa is structurally similar to the _________
of the tunica mucosa.
lamina propia
Bile and pancreatic juice collect into the _______ before being released to the duodenum.
ampulla of vater
