Endocrine system Flashcards
what is the exocrine gland for
secretes their products into ducts, sweat
what is endocrine system for
ductless and releases hormones into blood
what are hormones
chemical messengers carried by blood
functions of hormones
regulate a variety of functions, control growth and development, establish circadian rhythm
what is the effects of endocrine system
slow acting and long lasting
what is the effect of the nervous system
instantaneous and short lived
3 major structural characteristics of hormones
amines, steroids, peptides and protein
how do peptide and catecholamine hormones circulate
they are water soluble so in plasma
how do steroid and thyroid hormones circulate
by binding to plasma protein
what are the 2 major organs which remove hormones
liver and kidneys
rate of removal from blood
peptide and catecholamines are rapidly removed
steroid and thyroid are removes slower
where are lipid soluble receptors
inside the target cells
where are water soluble receptors
are on the plasma membrane
what are the 3 types of effects hormone interactions can have
permissive, synergistic, antagonistic
what is permissive hormonal interaction
one hormone enhances the interactiveness of another
what is synergistic hormonal interaction
effect of 2 hormones together is greater than one acting on own
what is antagonistic hormonal interaction
one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone
what is hypersecretion
too much hormones
what is hyposecretion
too little hormones
what is hyporesponsiveness
decrease responsiveness of target cells to hormones
what is hyperresponsiveness
increase responsiveness of target cells to hormones
how do the hypothalamus gland connect ot the posterior pituitary
via infundibulum by paraventricular nuclei
how does the hypothalamus connect to the anterior pituitary
through the hypothalamo-hypophyses
what does the anterior pituitary gland do
secrete hormones such as FSH, GH, TSH, LH, ACTH
what does negative feedback inhibit
the normal response
what does the posterior pituitary gland do
store and release hormones
what are some effects of thyroid hormones
wide spread effects such as cell division, protein synthesis…
where is the thyroid gland
in front of the trachea
what is considered the major thyroid hormone
T3
what is increased T3 and T4 levels associated with
increased oxiditve substrate metabolism and mitchondiral enzyme activity
what is the scientific name for the stress hormone
cortisol
what is T3 requried for
production of GH
what is stress response representitive of
the endocrine and nervous system working synchronously
what are physiological functions of cortisol in stressful situations
enhanced vascular reactivity, protection against stress, stimulation of liver uptake of amino acids
what are physiological functions of cortisol in non stressful situations
anti-flammatory and anti-immune functions, maintain enzyme conc, affects smooth muscle responsiveness
how does cortisol aid recovery
inc cortisol = inhibit inflammatory system, decrease capillary permeability in injured areas
what is function of testosterone
promotes muscle growth and male sex characteristic development
what is function of oestrogen
regulate menstural cycle, promote development of female sex characteristics
function of DEHD
affect various body systems, supposed to be anti aging
how does hormone replacement therapy work in men
preserves muscle tissue and offset age related muscle loss
how does hormone replacement therapy work in women
improves muscle function and maintains muscle mass
