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Human physiology > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the exocrine gland for

A

secretes their products into ducts, sweat

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2
Q

what is endocrine system for

A

ductless and releases hormones into blood

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3
Q

what are hormones

A

chemical messengers carried by blood

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4
Q

functions of hormones

A

regulate a variety of functions, control growth and development, establish circadian rhythm

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5
Q

what is the effects of endocrine system

A

slow acting and long lasting

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6
Q

what is the effect of the nervous system

A

instantaneous and short lived

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7
Q

3 major structural characteristics of hormones

A

amines, steroids, peptides and protein

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8
Q

how do peptide and catecholamine hormones circulate

A

they are water soluble so in plasma

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9
Q

how do steroid and thyroid hormones circulate

A

by binding to plasma protein

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10
Q

what are the 2 major organs which remove hormones

A

liver and kidneys

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11
Q

rate of removal from blood

A

peptide and catecholamines are rapidly removed
steroid and thyroid are removes slower

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12
Q

where are lipid soluble receptors

A

inside the target cells

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13
Q

where are water soluble receptors

A

are on the plasma membrane

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of effects hormone interactions can have

A

permissive, synergistic, antagonistic

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15
Q

what is permissive hormonal interaction

A

one hormone enhances the interactiveness of another

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16
Q

what is synergistic hormonal interaction

A

effect of 2 hormones together is greater than one acting on own

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17
Q

what is antagonistic hormonal interaction

A

one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone

18
Q

what is hypersecretion

A

too much hormones

19
Q

what is hyposecretion

A

too little hormones

20
Q

what is hyporesponsiveness

A

decrease responsiveness of target cells to hormones

21
Q

what is hyperresponsiveness

A

increase responsiveness of target cells to hormones

22
Q

how do the hypothalamus gland connect ot the posterior pituitary

A

via infundibulum by paraventricular nuclei

23
Q

how does the hypothalamus connect to the anterior pituitary

A

through the hypothalamo-hypophyses

24
Q

what does the anterior pituitary gland do

A

secrete hormones such as FSH, GH, TSH, LH, ACTH

25
Q

what does negative feedback inhibit

A

the normal response

26
Q

what does the posterior pituitary gland do

A

store and release hormones

27
Q

what are some effects of thyroid hormones

A

wide spread effects such as cell division, protein synthesis…

28
Q

where is the thyroid gland

A

in front of the trachea

29
Q

what is considered the major thyroid hormone

A

T3

30
Q

what is increased T3 and T4 levels associated with

A

increased oxiditve substrate metabolism and mitchondiral enzyme activity

31
Q

what is the scientific name for the stress hormone

A

cortisol

32
Q

what is T3 requried for

A

production of GH

33
Q

what is stress response representitive of

A

the endocrine and nervous system working synchronously

34
Q

what are physiological functions of cortisol in stressful situations

A

enhanced vascular reactivity, protection against stress, stimulation of liver uptake of amino acids

35
Q

what are physiological functions of cortisol in non stressful situations

A

anti-flammatory and anti-immune functions, maintain enzyme conc, affects smooth muscle responsiveness

36
Q

how does cortisol aid recovery

A

inc cortisol = inhibit inflammatory system, decrease capillary permeability in injured areas

37
Q

what is function of testosterone

A

promotes muscle growth and male sex characteristic development

38
Q

what is function of oestrogen

A

regulate menstural cycle, promote development of female sex characteristics

39
Q

function of DEHD

A

affect various body systems, supposed to be anti aging

40
Q

how does hormone replacement therapy work in men

A

preserves muscle tissue and offset age related muscle loss

41
Q

how does hormone replacement therapy work in women

A

improves muscle function and maintains muscle mass

Human physiology (15 decks)

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