Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what are pre-capillary sphincters

A

controls blood flow to specific capillary beds selectively

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2
Q

what is smooth muscle

A

supplies the vessels with contractile power and regulates lumen diameter

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3
Q

what is the endothelium

A

filtering interface between blood and the body

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4
Q

what is elastin for

A

gives vessels mechanical strength and their elastic properties

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5
Q

what is adventitia

A

provides structural strength and tethers the vessels in place

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6
Q

what are arterioles responsible for

A

altering the levels of resistance to blood flow in order to distribute the available amount of blood

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7
Q

what do conduits do to divert blood

A

they change their shape to restrict bloodflow

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8
Q

what is active hyperamia

A

the increase in blood flow according to the metabolic needs of the tissue in question

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9
Q

what is flow auto regulation

A

concerns with the maintenance of blood flow rather than changing it, blood to brain has to be maintained for example as to not enlarge

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10
Q

what is myogenic regulation of arterial diameter

A

increase in pressure leads to muscle stretch that is followed by constriction, myogenic response prevents flow from getting to high

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11
Q

describe capillaries

A

there are numerous of them all across the body and are one cell thick to facilitate diffusion

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12
Q

what dictates the velocity of blood flow

A

the total cross sectional area of capillaries not individual capillaries

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13
Q

is the velocity of capillaries high or low

A

low

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14
Q

where are capillaries found

A

surrounding every muscle fibre

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15
Q

when does filtration take place

A

when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure

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16
Q

when does absorption take place

A

when colloid osmotic pressure exceeds hydrostatic pressure

17
Q

characteristics of veins compared to arteries

A

larger diameter, have valves, less elastic tissue, thinner walls, less smooth muscle

18
Q

what are characteristics of healthy veins

A

flow is only towards heart, back flow is prevented by shut valves

19
Q

what are characteristics of diseased veins

A

allow blood flow to move in opposite direction, can cause blood to accumulate in extremities

20
Q

how much blood is in veins

A

about 60% of total blood volume

21
Q

what is the pressure of blood in veins

A

only ~10mmHg

22
Q

what is the veins contribution level

A

not as active as arteries but ability to change from a reservoir to a condyle plays a big role

23
Q

how is central venous pressure determined

A

blood volume and compliance

24
Q

info of changing compliance of a vein on onenote

A
25
Q

how does the skeletal muscle pump work

A

compression on the veins by muscle contraction pushes blood towards the heart

26
Q

how does the respiratory pump work

A

the diaphragm contracts and moves downwards increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreasing volume of abdominal cavity

27
Q

what do lymph vessels do

A

collect filtered fluid from interstitial space and return to circulating blood volume

28
Q

where are lymph vessels

A

they match the veins but aren’t by any arteries

29
Q

what is oedema

A

accumulation of excess fluid in interstitial spaces, filtration exceeds lymphatic drainage