Endocrine System Flashcards
made of hormone secreting glands that helps maintain and
regulate vital functions such as
- Response to stress and injury
- Growth and Development
- Reproduction
- Ionic homeostasis
- Energy metabolism
Endocrine System
Two parts of the Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)
Aka “Hypophysis” and “master gland”
The Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary secretes
Growth Hormones (GH) or Somatotropin
Prolactin (Mammotropic, Lactotropic, Luteotropic)
Gonadotropic hormones (LH, FSH)
Thyrotropic hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)
Posterior Pituitary secretes
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
It is located in the neck, in close approximation to the first part of the trachea
“Butterfly shape”
Thyroid gland
Close examination of a thyroid gland will reveal one or more small, light-colored nodules on or protruding from its surface called ___________________
meaning - beside the thyroid
Parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland secretes
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyrocalcitonin
These are glands that are located immediately at the anterior part of the kidneys
Adrenal Glands
Parathyroid gland secretes
Parathormone (PTH)
Two regions of the Adrenal Glands
Inner medulla - which is a source of the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
Outer cortex - which secretes several classes of steroid hormone, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids
Adrenal cortex secretes
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens
Adrenal medulla secretes
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
An elongated organ nestled next to the first part of the small intestine
Pancreas
Three Major Cell Types of the Pancreas
Alpha cells (A cells) - secretes glucagon
Beta cells (B cells) - produces insulin and cells
Delta cells (D cells) - secrete the hormone somatostatin which is also produced by a number of other endocrine cells in the body
Refers to those cells within the pancreas that synthesize and secrete hormones
Endocrine pancreas
The endocrine portion of the pancreas takes the form of many small clusters of cells called
Islets of Langerhans
The primary reproductive organs
Responsible for producing the sperm and ova but they also secrete hormones and are considered to be endocrine glands
Gonads
Testes - male
Ovaries - female
Male sex hormones, as a group, called androgens
The principal androgen is testosterone, which is secreted by the testes
Testes
Two group of female sex hormones are produced in the ovaries
Estrogen and Progesterone
At the onset of puberty, estrogen promote
- Development of breasts
- Distribution of fat evidenced in the hips, legs, and breast
- Maturation of reproductive organs such as the uterus and vagina
- Repair endometrium after menstruation
These steroid hormones contribute to the development and function of the female reproductive organs and sex characteristics
Estrogens and Progesterone
Progesterone causes
The uterine lining to thicken in preparation for pregnancy
