Endocrine System Flashcards
Which hypophysiotrophic hormone stimulates LH and FSH secretion?
GnRH
Which cells synthesize and secrete testosterone in testes?
Leydig cells
What hormone promotes growth of endometrium during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
Estrogen
Where would binding of the hormone glucagon occur on or in a cell?
Extracellular side of membrane
What hormone (released from the anterior pituitary glad) stimulates breast milk production?
Prolactin
What hormone is stimulated to be released by high levels of estrogen in a positive feedback loop?
LH
What hormone inhibits secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary?
Inhibin
What hormone is released by the corpus luteum of the ovary and maintains the endometrium during the secretory phase of the uterus?
Progesterone
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Cortisol, androgens, and aldosterone
What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine (and norepinephrine)
What hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen (estradiol), progesterone, inhibin, and relaxin
What hormones are produced by the testes?
Androgens (testosterone and DHEA), inhibin, and Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS)
What hormones are produced by the heart?
Atrial naturietic peptide
What hormones are produced by the kidneys?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What hormones are produced by the pancreas?
Insulin and glucagon
What hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), somatostatin, dopamine (DA), oxytocin, vasopressin (ADH)
What hormones are produced by the pineal gland?
Melatonin
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
Growth hormone (somatotropin), thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin), adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin) (AcTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin
What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin, vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone (ADH))
What structure is also called the hypophysis?
Pituitary
What is the origin and function of inhibin?
Testes/ovaries; inhibits the biosynthesis and secretion of FSH
What is the origin and function of Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS)?
Testes; regression of Müllerian ducts (sex determination)
What is the origin and function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
Hypothalamus; secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by AP
What is the origin and function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?
Hypothalamus; secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (thyrotropin) by AP
What is the origin and function of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)?
Hypothalamus; secretion of growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin) by AP
What is the origin and function of somatostatin?
Hypothalamus; inhibition of secretion of growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)
What is the origin and function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)?
Hypothalamus; secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by AP
What is the origin and function of dopamine (DA)?
Hypothalamus; inhibition of secretion of prolactin (PRL)
What is the origin and function of growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)?
Anterior pituitary gland; growth via IGF-1; protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism
