Chapter 01: Homeostasis Flashcards
What type of tissue is extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Connective tissue
What are the four types of tissue?
Muscular, nervous, connective, and epithelial
basement membrane (n.)
extracellular protein layer that anchors epithelial cells and tissue
What are the two types of connective fibers?
Collagen and elastin
What are the two components of extracellular fluid?
Plasma and interstitial fluid
homeostasis (n.)
the process of maintaining a relatively stable internal environment despite a changing environment
dynamic equilibrium (n.)
a balance that occurs when two reversible (and opposing) processes occur at the same rate
reflex (n.)
a control system linking a stimulus with a response that is mediated by a reflex arc
reflex arc (n.)
the neural or hormonal components that mediate a reflex
What are the components of a reflex arc?
Receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
What are the two major negative feedback effectors?
Muscles and endocrine glands
If energy is require to maintain a dynamic equilibrium, it is called a(n) __________.
steady state
set point (n.)
the steady state target for physiological variables
positive feedback loop (n.)
an “explosive” system in which the effectors increases the magnitude of the original change
feed-forward reflex (n.)
a reflex arc that uses stimuli to anticipate a change in a physiological variable
adaptation (n.)
a characteristic that favors survival in certain environments
acclimatization (n.)
an improvement in the functioning of an existing homeostatic system
hormone (n.)
chemical messenger secreted in the blood by endocrine cells
pool (n.)
the amount of a substance readily available in the body
positive balance (n.)
the rate of gain of a substance exceeds rate of loss
negative balance (n.)
the rate of loss of a substance exceeds the rate of gain
paracrine substance (n.)
chemical messenger secreted into the extracellular matrix that diffuses to nearby cells
autocrine substance (n.)
chemical messenger secreted into the extracellular matrix that acts upon the cell that secreted it
Where is the principal pacemaker for body rhythms located?
Hypothalamus
Which neurons comprise the primary pacemaker?
The suprachiasmatic nucleus
physiological acclimatization (n.)
environmentally induced improvement in the functioning of a physiological system with no change in the composition of the genome
